Table of Contents
Overview
Comprehensive Description
Biology
A common, but little-known inshore sluggish bottom shark (Ref. 13575) found on sandy and muddy bottoms of coastal waters, bays and inlets and rocky and coral reefs. Probably mainly feeds on bottom-dwelling invertebrates (Ref. 13575), also small fishes. Oviparous (Ref. 50449). Utilized for human consumption (Ref. 247). Possibly may occur in fresh water in the lower reaches of the Perak River in peninsular Malaysia (Ref. 43278).
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Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 247)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=247&speccode=88
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Distribution
East Indian Ocean, FAO fishing area 51, FAO fishing area 57, FAO fishing area 61, FAO fishing area 71, Kenyan Exclusive Economic Zone, Malindi Bay, Ungama Bay
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Compagno, L.J.V. (2001). Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Volume 2. Bullhead, mackerel and carpet sharks (Heterodontiformes, Lamniformes and Orectolobiformes). FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes. No. 1, Vol. 2. Rome, FAO. 269p.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=138597
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Fulanda, B.; Ohtomi, J.; Mueni, E.; Kimani, E. (2011). Fishery trends, resource-use and management system in the Ungwana Bay fishery Kenya. Ocean & Coastal Management, vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 401-414.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=166289
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Aura, C.M, Munga, C.N., Kimani, E., Manyala, J.O., Musa, S. 2011. Length - Weight Relationships for Nine Deep Sea Fish Species off the Kenyan Coast. Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 6 (2): 188-192.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=164067
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World Register of Marine Species
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Indo-West Pacific: Arabian Sea to India, Sri Lanka, Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia, Viet Nam, Taiwan, the Philippines, and Solomon Islands. Probably occurring in Korea and Japan.
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Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 247)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=247&speccode=88
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Range Description
Country distribution range is uncertain.
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IUCN
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Physical Description
Morphology
Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 0; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 0
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Compagno, L.J.V. and V.H. Niem 1998 Hemiscylliidae. Longtail carpetsharks. p. 1249-1259. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO identification guide for fishery purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 13575)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13575&speccode=5120
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Size
Max. size
65.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 247))
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Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 247)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=247&speccode=88
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Diagnostic Description
Genus: Nostrils subterminal on snout; pre-oral snout long, mouth closer to eyes than snout tip; eyes and supraorbital ridges hardly elevated; no black hood on head or large spot or spots on sides of body above pectoral fins (Ref. 43278). Caudal fin with a pronounced subterminal notch but without a ventral lobe (Ref. 13575). Species: Light brown above, cream below, with numerous dark spots on body, tail, and fins, these often forming indistinct vertical bars and saddles (Ref. 31575). Dermal ridge on middle of back and two low lateral ridges (Ref. 4832).
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Compagno, L.J.V. and V.H. Niem 1998 Hemiscylliidae. Longtail carpetsharks. p. 1249-1259. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO identification guide for fishery purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 13575)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13575&speccode=5120
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Type Information
Syntype for Chiloscyllium indicum
Catalog Number: USNM 75953
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Collector(s): P. Jouy
Year Collected: 1882
Locality: (Locality doubtful) Japan? Collected in the areas of Shanghai and Hong Kong or the markets of Yokohama, Japan and/or the Japanese island of Tsushima., Japan or China, Pacific
Catalog Number: USNM 75953
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Collector(s): P. Jouy
Year Collected: 1882
Locality: (Locality doubtful) Japan? Collected in the areas of Shanghai and Hong Kong or the markets of Yokohama, Japan and/or the Japanese island of Tsushima., Japan or China, Pacific
- Syntype: Fowler, H. W. 1941. Bulletin of the United States National Museum. No. 100: 89.
© Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
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Syntype for Chiloscyllium indicum
Catalog Number: USNM 40032
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Collector(s): Australian Museum, Sydney
Locality: China Seas, Pacific
Catalog Number: USNM 40032
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Collector(s): Australian Museum, Sydney
Locality: China Seas, Pacific
- Syntype: Fowler, H. W. 1941. Bulletin of the United States National Museum. No. 100: 89.
© Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
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Syntype for Chiloscyllium indicum
Catalog Number: USNM 12623
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Locality: No Data. Indo-Pacific
Catalog Number: USNM 12623
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Locality: No Data. Indo-Pacific
- Syntype: Fowler, H. W. 1941. Bulletin of the United States National Museum. No. 100: 89.
© Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
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Ecology
Habitat
Environment
demersal; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); freshwater; brackish; marine
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Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51243&speccode=4683
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Habitat and Ecology
Habitat and Ecology
Systems
A common but little-known inshore sluggish bottom shark. It may possibly occur in fresh water in the lower reaches of the Perak River in peninsular Malaysia. Maximum total length (TL) is about 65 cm, with males maturing between 39 and 42 cm TL, and females at 43 cm TL. Chiloscyllium indicum is oviparous, and is inferred to feed mainly on invertebrates. Virtually nothing is known of the biology of this species.
Systems
- Marine
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Migration
Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.
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Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51243&speccode=4683
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Trophic Strategy
A common, but little-known inshore sluggish bottom shark (Ref. 13575) found on sandy and muddy bottoms of coastal waters, bays and inlets and rocky and coral reefs. Probably mainly feeds on bottom-dwelling invertebrates (Ref. 13575), also small fishes.
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Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 247)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=247&speccode=88
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Life History and Behavior
Life Cycle
Oviparous, deposits eggs in small, oval egg cases on the bottom (Ref. 247). Paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).
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Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205&speccode=1256
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Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Barcode data: Chiloscyllium indicum
The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.
There are 14 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.
Download FASTA File
There are 14 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.
CCTTTATTTAATNTTNGGTGCATGAGCAGGAATAGTAGGCCTAGCTCTCAGCCTTTTAATCCGTGCTGAATTAAGTCAACCTGGATCCCTTCTAGGTGATGATCAGATTTATAATGTAATCGTAACAGCTCATGCTTTTGTAATAATCTTCTTCATGGTAATGCCTGTAATAATTGGAGGGTTTGGAAACTGACTAGTACCCCTAATAATTGGCGCACCCGATATAGCCTTTCCTCGAATAAATAATATAAGCTTTTGACTACTTCCTCCTTCATTTTTATTACTCCTAGCCTCTGCAGGAGTTGAAGCCGGGGCAGGAACAGGTTGAACCGTTTACCCCCCTTTAGCAGGCAATTTAGCTCATGCAGGAGCATCAGTTGATTTAACTATCTTTTCTTTACACTTAGCAGGAGTTTCATCAATTTTAGCCTCTATTAATTTTATTACAACTATTATTAATATAAAACCACCAGCAATTTCTCAATATCAAACGCCCTTATTTGTCTGATCTATCCTTGTAACCACTATTCTCCTACTACTTTCATTGCCAGTTCTAGCAGCAGGTATTACAATGTTACTCACAGATCGAAACTTAAATACAACATTCTTNGACCCAGCGGGGGGAGGCGATCCCATTTTATACCAACACCTATTC
-- end --
-- end --
Download FASTA File
© Barcode of Life Data Systems
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Statistics of barcoding coverage: Chiloscyllium indicum
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 14
Specimens with Barcodes: 24
Species With Barcodes: 1
Public Records: 14
Specimens with Barcodes: 24
Species With Barcodes: 1
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Conservation
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List Assessment
Red List Category
NT
Near Threatened
Red List Criteria
Version
3.1
Year Assessed
2003
Assessor/s
Barratt, P., Cavanagh, R.D. & Kyne, P.M. (SSG Australia & Oceania Regional Workshop, March 2003)
Reviewer/s
Shark Specialist Group Australia & Oceania Regional Group (Shark Red List Authority)
Justification
Chiloscyllium indicum is likely to be threatened by overfishing, destructive fishing practices and habitat modification, including the damage and destruction of coral reefs throughout much of its range. This species is regularly taken in inshore fisheries in India, Sri Lanka and Thailand where it is utilized for food. Virtually nothing is known of the biology of this small, sluggish, bottom dwelling shark. However, although common within parts of its range, it is assessed as Near Threatened, reflecting concern that it may meet the Vulnerable criteria due to the significant impact that considerable fishing pressure is likely having on this species in much of its range, and that will continue in future. There is a need for survey and appraisal of the status of this species.
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Trends
Population
Population
Population Trend
No data are available on population size or subpopulations, though it is known to be common within parts of its range.
Population Trend
Unknown
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IUCN
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Threats
Near Threatened (NT)
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IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073
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Major Threats
Chiloscyllium indicum is of considerable interest to fisheries in some areas and is regularly taken in inshore fisheries in India, Sri Lanka and Thailand and utilized fresh for food. It is caught in demersal trawls, demersal gill nets and occasionally pelagic gill nets and is likely to be threatened by overfishing, destructive fishing practices and habitat modification, including the damage and destruction of coral reefs throughout much of its range.
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Management
Conservation Actions
Conservation Actions
There are currently no conservation measures in place for this species.
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IUCN
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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems
Benefits
Importance
fisheries: commercial
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Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter 1994 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=171&speccode=2534
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Wikipedia
Slender bamboo shark
The slender bamboo shark, Chiloscyllium indicum, is a bamboo shark in the family Hemiscylliidae found in the Indo-West Pacific Oceans between latitudes 40° N and 10° S, and longitude 65° E and 160° E. Its length is up to 65 cm.
Features: Mouth located in front of the eyes; Elongated slender precaudal tail; the shark has a brownish body with a number of dark spots and dashes. The dorsal fins are round, same size, and smaller than the pelvic fin.[1]
Habitat: Inshore bottom duelling shark. Found on sandy and muddy bottoms of coastal waters. Probably feed on small bottom dwelling invertebrates.[2]
Reproduction is oviparous (egg laying).
It is harmless to humans.
See also
References
- ^ Compagno, Leonard. "Sharks of the world." Shark Research Center Iziko-Museums of Cape Town. NO. 1. Vol 2. Cape Town South Africa: FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS, 2002. Pg 173.
- ^ Compagno, Leonard. "Sharks of the world." Shark Research Center Iziko-Museums of Cape Town. NO. 1. Vol 2. Cape Town South Africa: FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS, 2002. Pg 173.
- Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2006). "Chiloscyllium indicum" in FishBase. May 2006 version.
- Compagno, Dando, & Fowler, Sharks of the World, Princeton University Press, New Jersey 2005 ISBN 0-691-12072-2
Source:
Wikipedia
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