Overview
Comprehensive Description
Description
An erect, squat sponge that grows up to 10 cm in height and is bright yellow, verging on orange at the margins. The branches fuse to form variable stubby finger-like shapes. The surface is velvety due to unevenly projecting skeletal spicules and looks as if it is dusted with small yellow particles. The sponge has a firm consistency and does not contract when out of water.
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Description
A small (up to 10cm tall, but more typically 5cm) branching-erect sponge with a short stalk. The branches are compressed and 'webbed' together. The colour is bright to deep yellow, verging sometimes towards deep orange at the margins. It is distinctively 'bright'. The surface has a characteristic 'mealy' appearance, as though dusted with small yellow particles. Small oscules are borne on the apices of the branches. When alive, the open oscules are partially surrounded by a small triangular 'flap' of tissue. The overall form is similar to Stelligera rigida but the mealy appearance of the surface and bright yellow colour are characteristic. Most readily confused with Axinella verrucosa, so far only recorded as far north as Roscoff and the Channel Islands.
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Distribution
Adriatic Sea, Aegean Sea, Alboran Sea, Azores Canaries Madeira, Canary Islands Exclusive Economic Zone, Cape Verde, Celtic Seas, East Mediterranean, European waters (ERMS scope), Greek Exclusive Economic Zone, Irish Exclusive economic Zone, Mediterranean Sea, Monaco, North Atlantic, South European Atlantic Shelf, United Kingdom Exclusive Economic Zone, West Africa, West Mediterranean, Western Mediterranean
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Bergbauer, M.; Humberg, B. (2001). Gids flora en fauna van de Middellandse Zee [Guide to the flora and fauna of the Mediterranean Sea]. Tirion Natuur: Baarn, The Netherlands. ISBN 90-5210-423-9. 319 pp.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=9880
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Van Soest, R.W.M. 1993a. Affinities of the Marine Demospongiae Fauna of the Cape Verde Islands and Tropical West Africa. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 159: 205-219.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=8481
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Topsent, E. 1934a. Eponges observées dans les parages de Monaco.(Première partie) Bulletin de l’Institut océanographique, Monaco (650):1-42.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=8406
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Carballo, J.L.; Garcia-Gómez, J.C. (1995). Axinella estacioi n.sp. (Porifera, Axinellida) from caves of the Strait of Gibraltar (southern Iberian Peninsula). Cah. Biol. Mar. 36(4): 245-250
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=9894
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Pansini, M. 1987a. Littoral demosponges from the banks of the Strait of Sicily and the Alboran Sea. Pp. 149-185. In: Vacelet, J. & Boury-Esnault, N. (Eds), Taxonomy of Porifera from the N.E. Atlantic andMediterranean Sea. NATO ASI Series G 13. (Springer-Verlag: Berlin,Heidelberg): 1-332.
http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=sourcedetails&id=8003
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Schmidt, O. 1862. Die Spongien des adriatischen Meeres. (Wilhelm Engelmann: Leipzig): i-viii, 1-88, pls 1-7.
http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=sourcedetails&id=8175
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Van Soest, R.W.M.; Picton, B.E.; Morrow, C. 2000. Sponges of the North East Atlantic. In: World Biodiversity Database CD-ROM Series, Windows/Mac version 1.0. (ETI, University of Amsterdam:Amsterdam.)
http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=sourcedetails&id=8500
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Pansini, M. 1984 (1982-1983). Notes on some Mediterranean Axinella with description of two new species. Bollettino dei Musei e degli Istituti Biologici della (R.) Università di Genova 50-51: 79-98.
http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=sourcedetails&id=8002
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Cruz, T. 2002. Esponjas marinas de Canarias. Consejería de Política Territorial y Medio Ambiente del Gobierno de Canarias, S/C Tenerife. 260 pp.
http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=sourcedetails&id=141513
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MEDIN (2011). UK checklist of marine species derived from the applications Marine Recorder and UNICORN, version 1.0.
http://www.marinespecies.org/asteroidea/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=149081
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Van Soest, R.W.M. 2001. Porifera, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 85-103
http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=sourcedetails&id=1421
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Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2011). Species.ie version 1.0 World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway (version of 15 March 2010).
http://www.marinespecies.org/ascidiacea/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=149068
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Koukouras, Athanasios. (2010). Check-list of marine species from Greece. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Assembled in the framework of the EU FP7 PESI project.
http://www.marinespecies.org/asteroidea/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=142068
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Voultsiadou, E. 2005b. Sponge diversity in the Aegean Sea: Check list and new information. Italian Zoology 72 (1): 53-64.
http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=sourcedetails&id=149735
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A south-western species in the British Isles occuring in Lough Hyne, Co Cork, scattered sites on the west coast of Ireland and North to the west coast of Scotland.
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Ecology
Habitat
Depth range based on 24 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 13 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 8 - 50
Temperature range (°C): 10.625 - 18.117
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.267 - 8.324
Salinity (PPS): 35.229 - 38.605
Oxygen (ml/l): 5.358 - 6.153
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.088 - 0.574
Silicate (umol/l): 1.583 - 2.990
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 8 - 50
Temperature range (°C): 10.625 - 18.117
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.267 - 8.324
Salinity (PPS): 35.229 - 38.605
Oxygen (ml/l): 5.358 - 6.153
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.088 - 0.574
Silicate (umol/l): 1.583 - 2.990
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 13 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 8 - 50
Temperature range (°C): 10.625 - 18.117
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.267 - 8.324
Salinity (PPS): 35.229 - 38.605
Oxygen (ml/l): 5.358 - 6.153
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.088 - 0.574
Silicate (umol/l): 1.583 - 2.990
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 8 - 50
Temperature range (°C): 10.625 - 18.117
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.267 - 8.324
Salinity (PPS): 35.229 - 38.605
Oxygen (ml/l): 5.358 - 6.153
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.088 - 0.574
Silicate (umol/l): 1.583 - 2.990
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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Found sublittorally to a depth of about 30 m on sloping rock surfaces, sometimes in silty conditions, at sites with varying degrees of wave exposure. Commonly found with other sponges, cnidarians and bryozoans.
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This is a scarce species in the British Isles, it may be found at certain localities on sloping, lower circalittoral bedrock in areas exposed or semi-exposed to wave action. It is also frequent on extremely sheltered sublittoral cliffs in Lough Hyne, Co Cork.
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