The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

• 1. IUCN Red List (September, 2007) http://www.iucnredlist.org
• 2. Kingdon, J. (1997) The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals. Academic Press, San Diego.
• 3. Stuart, C. and Stuart, T. (1997) Field Guide to the Larger Mammals of Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town.
• 4. Burnie, D. (2001) Animal. Dorling Kindersley, London.
• 5. Macdonald, D.W. (2006) The Encyclopedia of Mammals. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
• 6. Alden, P.C., Estes, R.D., Schlitter, D. and McBride, B. (1996) Collins Guide to African Wildlife. HarperCollins Publishers, London.
• Estes, R.D. (1991). The Behavior Guide to African Mammals. The University of California Press: Berkeley, Los Angles, and London.
• Kingdon, Jonathan. (1989). East African Mammals: An Atlas of Evolution in Africa, Volume 3, Part C (Bovids). The University of Chicago Press; Chicago.
• Richard Weigl (2005) Longevity of Mammals in Captivity; from the Living Collections of the World. Kleine Senckenberg-Reihe 48: Stuttgart.
• Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. 1993. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. xviii + 1207
• Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole. 2000. Common Names of Mammals of the World. xiv + 204