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Overview

Distribution

Range Description

This species occurs on the slopes of the cordilleras (Tilarán, Central and Talamanca) of Costa Rica and adjacent western Panama, from 1,210-2,040 m asl (Savage 2002).
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Countries

Countries

Costa Rica, Panama

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Source: Amphibians of Panama

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Physical Description

Diagnostic Description

Identification

Adult

Species description based on Savage (2002).  A medium-sized treefrog (males to 34 mm, females to 37 mm).

Dorsal

The dorsal coloration varies from grey to light brown. Some darker markings are usually, but not always, present. Most individuals have a thin, dark line running through (present on either side of) the eye. The sides are usually yellowish, but the sides of some individuals appear greenish or bluish.

Eye

The iris is bronze with black reticulations.

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Ecology

Habitat

Habitat and Ecology

Habitat and Ecology
This species occurs along or in clear streams in lower and premontane rainforest. Males call at night from riparian bushes and herbaceous vegetation at the margin of or overhanging fast-moving mountain streams. Amplexus and egg deposition have not been observed in this species; tadpoles have been collected from streams.

Systems
  • Terrestrial
  • Freshwater
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Habitat

Habitat

Premontane and lower montane forest (1210-2040 m).

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Life History and Behavior

Behavior

Behaviour

Call

A series of three "cheeps" (Savage 2002).

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Life Cycle

Life History

Breeding season

Males call from vegetation along the margins of streams throughout the year (Savage 2002). Breeding likely occurs year-round (Duellman 1970), but seems to peak at the beginning of the rainy season (Savage 2002). However, reproduction has not been observed (Savage 2002).

Egg

Gravid females contain 76-104 eggs (Lang 1995).

Tadpole

The tadpole is oval shaped, but somewhat compressed dorsally (Savage 2002). Tadpoles are brown with some gold flecking apparent (Savage 2002). The tail is light brown, with extensive dark blotching along the top and less pigmentation extending down onto the sides of the tail (Savage 2002). Tadpoles have a large suctioncup-like mouth that enables them to adhere to rock surfaces in fast-moving streams (Savage 2002).

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Physiology and Cell Biology

Cell Biology

Karyotype

Karyotype

2N = 24 (Leon-Azofeifa 1970)

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Conservation

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List Assessment


Red List Category
CR
Critically Endangered

Red List Criteria
A2ace

Version
3.1

Year Assessed
2010

Assessor/s
Frank Solís, Roberto Ibáñez, Alan Pounds, Federico Bolaños, Gerardo Chaves, Karen Lips

Reviewer/s
Global Amphibian Assessment Coordinating Team (Simon Stuart, Janice Chanson, Neil Cox and Bruce Young)

Justification
Listed as Critically Endangered because of a drastic population decline, estimated to be more than 80% over the last ten years, inferred from the apparent disappearance of most of the population, perhaps due to chytridiomycosis.

History
  • 2008
    Critically Endangered
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Population

Population
In Costa Rica, it was presumed to have disappeared from Monteverde, Tapantí, and Las Tablas where it once was common. It was last seen in 1993 at Las Tablas and had apparently disappeared from Monteverde by 1989. As of August, 2007, even though some survey effort has taken place in the range there were not considered to be any other recent records from Costa Rica of this formerly common frog (Federico Bolaños pers. comm.). More recent news from Andrew Gray and Mark Wainwright (in litt. To Bruce Young, September 2007; http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7609780.stm), reported the rediscovery of this species at the Tropical Science Center Monteverde Cloud Forest Preserve, with several males being heard. In Panama, there are records from the Bajo Mono highlands of Chiriquí in 1982, and from Las Tablas in the early 1990s, but it had disappeared from the latter site by 1996. There might not be any subsequent records, indicating a decline and possible disappearance in this country, too.

Population Trend
Decreasing
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Threats

Threats

Major Threats
The overall decline in this species is probably taking place as a result of infection of populations with the chytrid pathogen. Within Panama, it is threatened by general habitat loss through agriculture and selective logging.
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Management

Conservation Actions

Conservation Actions
The species has been recorded from a number of protected areas in both Costa Rica and Panama. Further research is urgently needed into the population status of this species. Given the threat of chytridiomycosis, recommended conservation measures likely should include the establishment of a captive-breeding programme.
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Wikipedia

Isthmohyla rivularis

Isthmohyla rivularis is a rare species of frog in the Hylidae family. It is found on along fast-moving, clear streams of the lower and pre-montane rainforest slopes in Costa Rica and western Panama, from 1,210 to 2,040 metres (3,970 to 6,690 ft).

It is threatened by habitat loss. The species was thought to have become extinct in the late 1980s. In 2007, it was re-discovered in the Monteverde Cloud Forest of Costa Rica, and a female was spotted in 2008.[1]

Sources

  1. ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7609780.stm
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