The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

• 1. IUCN Red List (March, 2009) http://www.iucnredlist.org
• 1996. database, NODC Taxonomic Code
• 1998. website, Mammal Species of the World
• 2. Kingdon, J. (1997) The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals. Academic Press, San Diego.
• 3. Stuart, C. and Stuart, T. (1997) Field Guide to the Larger Mammals of Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town.
• 4. African Wildlife Foundation (September, 2007) http://www.awf.org/content/wildlife/detail/buffalo
• 5. Mills, G. and Hes, L. (1997) The Complete Book of Southern African Mammals. Struik Publishers, Cape Town.
• 6. Macdonald, D.W. (2006) The Encyclopedia of Mammals. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
• 7. Rodwell, T.C., Kriek, N.P., Bengis, R.G., Whyte, I.J., Viljoen, P.C., Vos, V. and Boyce, W.M. (2001) Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in African buffalo at Kruger National Park. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 37 (2): 258 - 264.
• 8. UNEP-WCMC: Serengeti National Park, Tanzania (March, 2009) http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/pdf/Serengeti.pdf
• 9. UNEP-WCMC: Kilimanjaro National Park, Tanzania (March, 2009) http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/pdf/Kilimanjaro.pdf
• Estes, R. 1991. The Behavior Guide to African Mammals. University of California Press. Berkeley, Los Angles, and London.
• I. Agnarsson and L. J. May-Collado. 2008. The phylogeny of Cetartiodactyla: The importance of dense taxon sampling, missing data, and the remarkable promise of cytochrome b to provide reliable species-level phylogenies. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 48:964-985
• Mloszewski, M. 1983. The Behaviour and Ecology of the African Buffalo. Cambridge University Press. U.S.A.
• Nowak, R.; Paradiso, J. 1983. Walker's Mammals of the World, 4th Edition. The John Hopkins University Press. Baltimore and London.
• Orrell T. (custodian) (2013). ITIS Global: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System (version Sept 12). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life, 11th March 2013 (Roskov Y., Kunze T., Paglinawan L., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Hernandez F., De Wever A., eds). Digital resource at www.catalogueoflife.org/col/. Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• Richard Weigl (2005) Longevity of Mammals in Captivity; from the Living Collections of the World. Kleine Senckenberg-Reihe 48: Stuttgart.
• Ronald Nowak (1999) Walker's Mammals of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press: Baltimore.
• Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. 1992. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing
• Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. 1993. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. xviii + 1207
• Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole. 2000. Common Names of Mammals of the World
• Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole. 2000. Common Names of Mammals of the World. xiv + 204