The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

• 1997. "Thinkquest: Library" (On-line). Wild Habitat: Leopard (Panthera pardus). Accessed March 18, 2009 at http://library.thinkquest.org/11234/leopard_any.html.
• 2009. "African Wildlife Foundation" (On-line). Leopard. Accessed March 18, 2009 at http://www.awf.org/content/wildlife/detail/leopard.
• Arhin, C. 2003. "Biodiversity Reporting" (On-line). The Wisdom of the Leopard. Accessed April 01, 2009 at http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/article.sub?docId=751&c=Ghana&cRef=Ghana&year=2003&date=May%202003.
• Breitenmoser, U., C. Breitenmoser-Wursten, P. Henschel, L. Hunter. 2008. "IUCN Red List" (On-line). Panthera Pardus. Accessed March 18, 2009 at http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/15961.
• Estes, R.D. 1991. The Behavior Guide to African Mammals. University of California Press, Berkeley.
• Friedman, H., V. Case. 2002. "Davidson" (On-line). Leopard (Panthera Pardus). Accessed March 25, 2009 at http://www.bio.davidson.edu/people/vecase/behavior/Spring2002/Friedman/friedman.html.
• Guggisberg, C. 1975. Wild Cats of the World. New York: Taplinger Publishing Company.
• Hayward, M., P. Henschel, J. O'Brien, M. Hofmeyr, G. Balme, G. Kerley. 2006. Prey Preferences of the Leopard (Panthera pardus). Journal of Zoology, 270/2: 298-313. Accessed April 08, 2009 at http://www3.interscience.wiley.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/journal/118623979/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0.
• Hunter, L., G. Hinde. 2005. Cats of Africa: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation. United Kingdom: New Holland Publisher.
• I., Helmy., & D. Osborn.   (1980).  The Contemporary Land Mammals of Egypt (including Sinai) Field Museum of Natural History, no. 5, Cairo..  
• Laman, T., C. Knott. 1997. An Observation of Leopard (Panthera pardus Linnaeus) mating behavior in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. African Journal of Ecology, 35/2: 165-167. Accessed April 08, 2009 at http://www3.interscience.wiley.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/cgi-bin/fulltext/119170005/PDFSTART.
• M., Basuony., F. Gilbert., & S. Zalat.   (2010).  Mammals of Egypt: Atlas, Red Data Listing & Conservation, Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs, Cairo..  
• Macaskill, S. 2009. "Wildlife Pictures Online" (On-line). Leopard Information. Accessed March 25, 2009 at http://www.wildlife-pictures-online.com/leopard-information.html.
• Miththapala S, Seidensticker J, O'Brien SJ. 1996. Phylogeographic subspecies recognition in leopards (Panthera pardus): molecular genetic variation. Conserv. Biol. 10:1115–32.
• Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2006. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed February 16, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.org. http://www.animaldiversity.org
• Ngoprasert, D., A. Lynam, G. Gale. 2007. Human disturbance affects habitat use and behaviour of Asiatic leopard Panthera pardus in Kaeng Krachan National Park, Thailand. ORYX, 41(3): 343-351. Accessed April 09, 2009 at http://journals.cambridge.org.proxy.lib.umich.edu/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=1383712.
• Nowak, R., E. Walker. 1999. Walker's mammals of the World. Baltimore, MD: JHU Press.
• Nowell, K., P. Jackson. 1996. Wild Cats: status survey and conservation action plan. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.
• Patton, S., A. Rabinowitz. 1994. Parasites of Wild Felidae in Thailand: a Coprological Survey. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 30(3): 472-475. Accessed April 08, 2009 at http://www.jwildlifedis.org/cgi/content/abstract/30/3/472.
• R., Hoath.   (2003).  A Field Guide to the Mammals of Egypt, The American University in Cairo Press, Cairo..  
• Richard Weigl (2005) Longevity of Mammals in Captivity; from the Living Collections of the World. Kleine Senckenberg-Reihe 48: Stuttgart.
• Spong, G., M. Johansson and M. Björklund. 2000. High genetic variation in leopards indicates large and long-term stable effective population size. Molecular Ecology 9(11):1773-1782.
• Stander, P., P. Haden, G. Kaqece. 1997. The Ecology of Associality in Namibian Leopards. Journal of Zoology, 242: 343-364. Accessed April 08, 2009 at http://apps.isiknowledge.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=4&SID=2F21jJFPOHbMGP5IDa9&page=1&doc=1.
• Sunquist, M.E. and F.C. Sunquist. 2009. Family Felidae (Cats). Pp. 54-168 in: Wilson, D.E. and R.A. Mittermeier (eds.). Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Vol. 1. Carnivores. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
• Type: Heller, E. 1913 Nov 08. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. 61 (19): 5.
• Type: Heller, E. 1913 Nov 08. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. 61 (19): 6.
• Uphyrkina, O., D. Miquelle, H. Quigley, C. Driscoll, and S. J. O'Brien. 2002. Conservation genetics of the far eastern leopard (P.p. orientalis). J. Hered. 93:303–11.
• Uphyrkina, O., W. E. Johnson, H. Quigley, D. Miquelle, L. Marker, M. Bush, and S. J. O'Brien. 2001. Phylogenetics, genome diversity and origin of modern leopard, Panthera pardus. Molecular Ecology 10(11):2617-2633.
• Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. 1993. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. xviii + 1207
• Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. 2005. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2. 2142
• Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole. 2000. Common Names of Mammals of the World. xiv + 204