The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

• Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes. 2003. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada
• Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner. 1987. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79
• Blix AS; Walløe L; Folkow LP. 2011. Regulation of brain temperature in winter-acclimatized reindeer under heat stress. Journal of Experimental Biology. 214: 3850-3856.
• Burt, W., R. Grossenheider. 1980. Peterson Field Guides: Mammals, 3rd edition. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company.
• Dalrymple, B.W. 1978. North american big-game animals. Outdoor Life Books, New York.
• Foy, Sally; Oxford Scientific Films. 1982. The Grand Design: Form and Colour in Animals. Lingfield, Surrey, U.K.: BLA Publishing Limited for J.M.Dent & Sons Ltd, Aldine House, London. 238 p.
• Geist, V. 1998. Deer of the World: Their evolution, behavior, and ecology. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books.
• J. Brown, Ecological investigations of the Tundra biome in the Prudhoe Bay Region, Alaska, Special Report, no. 2, Biol. Pap. Univ. Alaska (1975), from p. xiv.
• Kelsall, J. 1968. The migratory barren-ground caribou of Canada. Ottawa: Queen's Printer.
• Lu, W., Meng Q. - J., Tyler N. J. C., Stokkan K. - A., & Loudon A. S. I. (2010). A Circadian Clock Is Not Required in an Arctic Mammal. Current Biology. 20, 533-537.
• Muñoz-Pedreros A & J Yáñez (2000) Mamíferos de Chile. CEA Ediciones, Chile. 463 p.
• Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2006. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed February 16, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.org. http://www.animaldiversity.org
• Nowak, R.M. and J.L. Paradiso. 1983. Walker's Mammals of the World, Fourth Edition. John Hopkins University Press. Baltimore and London.
• Original description: Linnaeus, C., 1758.  Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth Edition, Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 1:67, 824 pp.
• Reindeer Owners and Breeders Association, "Deer, Goats, Sheep, Etc: Reindeer" (On-line). Accessed 18 May 2000 at http://www.blarg.net/~critter/subindex/deer.html.
• Richard Weigl (2005) Longevity of Mammals in Captivity; from the Living Collections of the World. Kleine Senckenberg-Reihe 48: Stuttgart.
• Soppela P; Nieminen M; Timisjàrvi J. 1986. Thermoregulation in reindeer. Rangifer. 1: 273-278.
• T. Dunaeva and V. Kucheruk, Material on the ecology of the terrestrial vertebrates of the tundra of south Yamal, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou (N.S., Zool. Sect.) 4(19):1-80 (1941).
• V. S. Summerhayes and C. S. Elton, Further contributions to the ecology of Spitzbergen, J. Ecol. 16:193-268, from p. 217 (1928).
• Valkenburg, P. 1999. "Caribou" (On-line). Alaska Department of Fish & Game's Notebook Series. Accessed September 19, 2003 at http://www.state.ak.us/adfg/notebook/biggame/caribou.htm.
• Weladji et al. (2002) Age-related reproductive effort in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus): evidence of senescence. Oecologia, 131:79-82.
• Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. 1993. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. xviii + 1207
• Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole. 2000. Common Names of Mammals of the World. xiv + 204
• Wilson, Don E., and Sue Ruff, eds. 1999. The Smithsonian Book of North American Mammals. xxv + 750