The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

• 2000. "Seal (mammal)" (On-line). Accessed 12/1/01 at http://encarta.msn.com.
• Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes. 2003. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada
• Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner. 1987. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79
• Bernhard Grzimek (1990) Grzimek's Encyclopedia of Mammals. McGraw-Hill: New York.
• Berta, A.; Churchill, M. (2010). Phoca largha Pallas, 1811. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=255021 on 2012-05-24
• Lowry, L. 1984. The spotted seal. Alaska Dep. Fish and Game marine mammal species accounts, Vol. 1. Juneau, Alaska.: Pp. 1 - 11.
• Lowry, L., K. Frost, R. Davis, R. Suydam, D. Demaster. 1994. Movements and behavior of satellite - tagged spotted seals in the Bering and Chukchi Seas. NOAA Technical Memo, U. S. Department of Commerce.
• Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2006. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed February 16, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.org. http://www.animaldiversity.org
• Original description: Pallas, P.S., 1811.  Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, 1:113.
• Quackenbush, L. 1988. Spotted seal. Pp. 107 -124 in J Lentfer (ed.), ed. Selected marine mammals of Alaska. Species accounts with research and management recommendations. Washington, D. C.: Marine Mammal Commission.
• Rice, Dale W. 1998. Marine Mammals of the World: Systematics and Distribution. Special Publications of the Society for Marine Mammals, no. 4. ix + 231
• Richard Weigl (2005) Longevity of Mammals in Captivity; from the Living Collections of the World. Kleine Senckenberg-Reihe 48: Stuttgart.
• Seal Conservation Society, 2001. "Species Information Pages: Spotted Seal (Phoca largha)" (On-line). Accessed December 27, 2001 at www.pinnipeds.fsnet.co.uk/species/spotted.htm.
• Type: Allen, J. A. 1902. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 16: 483.
• Type: Allen, J. A. 1902. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 16: 495.
• UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms
• Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. 1993. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. xviii + 1207
• Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. 2005. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2. 2142
• Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole. 2000. Common Names of Mammals of the World. xiv + 204
• Wolfe, R., C. Mishler. 1996. The subsistence harvest of harbor seal and sea lion by Alaska natives in 1995. Draft final report for year four, subsistence study and monitor system. Prepared for NMFS by Alaska Dept. Fish and Game, Juneau, Alaska.