The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

• 1. IUCN Red List (May, 2004) http://www.redlist.org
• 2. Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (May, 2004) http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Callorhinus_ursinus.html
• 3. Attenborough, D. (2002) The Life of Mammals. BBC, London.
• 4. Seal Conservation Society (May, 2004) http://www.pinnipeds.org/species/norfursl.htm
• 5. Baird, R.W. and Hanson, M.B. (May, 2004) http://www.racerocks.com/racerock/rreo/rreoref2/elepseal/statusfurseal.htm
• Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes. 2003. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada
• Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner. 1987. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79
• Berta, A.; Churchill, M. (2011). Callorhinus ursinus (Linnaeus, 1758). Accessed through: Land J. van der (ed). (2008) UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (URMO) at http://www.marinespecies.org/urmo/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=254997 on 2012-05-24
• Hilton-Taylor, C. 2001. "2000 IUCN Redlist of Engangered Species - *Callorhinus ursinus*" (On-line). Accessed December 13, 2001 at http://www.redlist.org/search/details.php?species=3590.
• Insley, S. 2001. Mother-offspring vocal recognition in northern fur seals is mutual but asymmetrical. Animal Behavior, 61: 129-137.
• Longevity Records: Life Spans of Mammals, Birds, Amphibians, Reptiles, and Fish (Online source)
• Mori, J., N. Baba, T. Kubodera. 2001. Squid in the diet of northern fur seals, *Callorhinus ursinus*, caught in the western and central North Pacific Ocean. Fisheries Research, 52: 91-97.
• Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2006. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed February 16, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.org. http://www.animaldiversity.org
• Nowak, R. 1999. Walker's Mammals of The World, 6th ed.. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
• Original description: Linnaeus, C., 1758.  Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. p. 37. Tenth Edition, Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp.
• Rice, Dale W. 1998. Marine Mammals of the World: Systematics and Distribution. Special Publications of the Society for Marine Mammals, no. 4. ix + 231
• Richard Weigl (2005) Longevity of Mammals in Captivity; from the Living Collections of the World. Kleine Senckenberg-Reihe 48: Stuttgart.
• Ronald Nowak (2003) Walker's Marine Mammals of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press: Baltimore.
• UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms
• Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. 1993. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. xviii + 1207
• Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. 2005. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2. 2142
• Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole. 2000. Common Names of Mammals of the World. xiv + 204