The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

• 1. IUCN Red List (May, 2004) http://www.redlist.org
• 1996. database, NODC Taxonomic Code
• 1998. website, Mammal Species of the World
• 2. Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (May, 2004) http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Callorhinus_ursinus.html
• 3. Attenborough, D. (2002) The Life of Mammals. BBC, London.
• 4. Seal Conservation Society (May, 2004) http://www.pinnipeds.org/species/norfursl.htm
• 5. Baird, R.W. and Hanson, M.B. (May, 2004) http://www.racerocks.com/racerock/rreo/rreoref2/elepseal/statusfurseal.htm
• Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes. 2003. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada
• Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes. 2003. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada
• Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner. 1987. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166
• Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner. 1987. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79
• Berta, A.; Churchill, M. (2012). Callorhinus ursinus (Linnaeus, 1758). Accessed through: Land J. van der (ed). (2008) UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (URMO) at http://www.marinespecies.org/urmo/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=254997 on 2013-03-02
• C. Linnaeus. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae (Stockholm)
• Gay, J. 1987. American Fur Seal Diplomacy. New York: Peter Lang.
• Gentry, R. 1998. Behavior and Ecology of the Northern Fur Seal. Princeton: Princteon University Press.
• Gentry, R., G. Kooyman. 1986. Fur Seals: Maternal Strategies on Land and at Sea. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
• Hilton-Taylor, C. 2001. "2000 IUCN Redlist of Engangered Species - *Callorhinus ursinus*" (On-line). Accessed December 13, 2001 at http://www.redlist.org/search/details.php?species=3590.
• Insley, S. 2001. Mother-offspring vocal recognition in northern fur seals is mutual but asymmetrical. Animal Behavior, 61: 129-137.
• Longevity Records: Life Spans of Mammals, Birds, Amphibians, Reptiles, and Fish (Online source)
• Mori, J., N. Baba, T. Kubodera. 2001. Squid in the diet of northern fur seals, *Callorhinus ursinus*, caught in the western and central North Pacific Ocean. Fisheries Research, 52: 91-97.
• Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2006. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed February 16, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.org. http://www.animaldiversity.org
• Nowak, R. 1999. Walker's Mammals of The World, 6th ed.. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
• Original description: Linnaeus, C., 1758.  Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. p. 37. Tenth Edition, Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp.
• Orrell T. (custodian) (2013). ITIS Global: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System (version Sept 12). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life, 11th March 2013 (Roskov Y., Kunze T., Paglinawan L., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Hernandez F., De Wever A., eds). Digital resource at www.catalogueoflife.org/col/. Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• Reidman, M. 1990. The Pinnipeds: Seals, Sea Lions, and Walruses. Berkely: University of California Press.
• Rice, Dale W. 1998. Marine Mammals of the World: Systematics and Distribution. Special Publications of the Society for Marine Mammals, no. 4
• Rice, Dale W. 1998. Marine Mammals of the World: Systematics and Distribution. Special Publications of the Society for Marine Mammals, no. 4. ix + 231
• Richard Weigl (2005) Longevity of Mammals in Captivity; from the Living Collections of the World. Kleine Senckenberg-Reihe 48: Stuttgart.
• Ronald Nowak (2003) Walker's Marine Mammals of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press: Baltimore.
• UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms
• Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. 1992. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing
• Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. 1993. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. xviii + 1207
• Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. 2005. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2
• Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. 2005. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2. 2142
• Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole. 2000. Common Names of Mammals of the World
• Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole. 2000. Common Names of Mammals of the World. xiv + 204