The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

• 1. IUCN Red List (January, 2009) http://www.iucnredlist.org
• 2. Ultimate Ungulate (November, 2002) http://www.ultimateungulate.com/Artiodactyla/Bison_bonasus.html
• 3. Animal Diversity Web (November, 2002) http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/bison/b._bonasus.html
• 4. Pucek, Z., Udina, I., Seal, U.S. and Miller, P. (1996) Population and habitat viability assessment for the European bison (Bison bonasus). IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, Apple Valley, Minnesota.
• 5. Pucek, Z., Belousova, I.P., Krasiñska, M., Krasiñski, Z.A. and Olech, W. (2004) European Bison Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN/SSC Bison Specialist Group, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
• 6. Macdonald, D. (2001) The New Encyclopedia of Mammals. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
• 7. Burnie, D. (2001) Animal. Dorling Kindersley, London.
• 8. Bison Specialist Group (November, 2002) http://www.notitia.com/bison/index.htm
• Anonymous. 1981. Bison, wolves, and seals in Poland. Oryx, 16: 138.
• Bernhard Grzimek (1990) Grzimek's Encyclopedia of Mammals. McGraw-Hill: New York.
• Borowski, S., Krasinski, Z., and Milkowski, L. 1967. Food and role of the European bison in forest ecosystems. Acta Theriologica, 25: 367-376.
• Cabon-Raczynski, K., Krasinska, M., Krasinski, Z.A., and Wojcik, J.M. 1987. Rhythm of daily activity and behavior of European bison in the Bialowieza Forest in the period without snow cover. Acta Theriologica, 22: 335-372.
• Cabon-Raczynski, K., Krasinska, M., and Krasinski, Z.A. 1983. Behavior and daily activity rhythm of European bison in winter. Acta Theriologica, 28: 273-299.
• Corbet, G. B. 1978. The Mammals of the Palaearctic Region: a taxonomic review. 1-314
• Gebczynska, Z., Gebczynski, M., and Martynowicz, E. 1991. Food eaten by the free-living European bison in Bialowieza Forest. Acta Theriologica, 36: 307-313.
• Gebczynski, M. and Tomaszewska-Guszkiewicz, K. 1987. Genetic variability in the European bison. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 15: 285-288.
• Gill, J. 1990. Seasonal cyclicity in carbohydrate metabolism parameters in the European bison, Bison bonasus L. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 96A: 435-439.
• Hartl, G.C. and Pucek, Z. 1994. Genetic depletion in the European bison (Bison bonasus) and the significance of electrophoretic heterozygosity for conservation. Conservation Biology, 8: 167-174.
• Jedrzejewski, W., Jedrzejewska, B., Okarma, H., and Ruprecht, A.L. 1992. Wolf predation and snow cover as mortality factors in the ungulate community of the Bialowieza National Park, Poland. Oecologia, 90: 27-36.
• Kobrynczuk, F. and Roskosz, T. 1980. Correlation of skull dimensions in the European bison. Acta Theriologica, 25: 349-363.
• Korwin-Kossakowski, J. and Suminski, E. 1984. Development of gonads and spermatogenesis in hybrids of European bison and domestic cattle. Acta Theriologica, 29: 413-424.
• Krasinska, M., Cabon-Raczynski, K., and Krasinski, Z.A. 1987. Strategy of habitat utilization by European bison in the Bialowieza Forest. Acta Theriologica, 32: 147-202.
• Krasinski, Z. and Raczynski, J. 1967. The reproduction biology of European bison living in reserves and in freedom. Acta Theriologica, 12: 407-444.
• Okarma, H., Jedjrzejewski, W., Jedrzejewska, B., Krasinski, Z.A. and Milkowski, L. 1995. The role of predation, snow cover, acorn crop, and man-related factors on ungulate mortality in Bialowieza primeval Forest, Poland. Acta Theriologica, 40: 197-217.
• Olech, W. 1987. Analysis of inbreeding in European bison. Acta Theriologica, 32: 373-387.
• Pucek, Z. 1984. What to do with the European bison, now saved from extinction? Acta Zoologica Fennica, 172: 187-190.
• Richard Weigl (2005) Longevity of Mammals in Captivity; from the Living Collections of the World. Kleine Senckenberg-Reihe 48: Stuttgart.
• Sokolowski, A.W. 1983. restoring the bison's habitat in Bialowieza. Ambio, 12: 197-202.
• Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. 1993. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. xviii + 1207
• Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole. 2000. Common Names of Mammals of the World. xiv + 204
• Wilson, Don E., and Sue Ruff, eds. 1999. The Smithsonian Book of North American Mammals. xxv + 750