The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

• 1. IUCN Red List (January, 2009) http://www.iucnredlist.org
• 1996. database, NODC Taxonomic Code
• 1998. website, Mammal Species of the World
• 2. Ultimate Ungulate (November, 2002) http://www.ultimateungulate.com/Artiodactyla/Bison_bonasus.html
• 3. Animal Diversity Web (November, 2002) http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/bison/b._bonasus.html
• 4. Pucek, Z., Udina, I., Seal, U.S. and Miller, P. (1996) Population and habitat viability assessment for the European bison (Bison bonasus). IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, Apple Valley, Minnesota.
• 5. Pucek, Z., Belousova, I.P., Krasiñska, M., Krasiñski, Z.A. and Olech, W. (2004) European Bison Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN/SSC Bison Specialist Group, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
• 6. Macdonald, D. (2001) The New Encyclopedia of Mammals. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
• 7. Burnie, D. (2001) Animal. Dorling Kindersley, London.
• 8. Bison Specialist Group (November, 2002) http://www.notitia.com/bison/index.htm
• Anonymous. 1981. Bison, wolves, and seals in Poland. Oryx, 16: 138.
• Bernhard Grzimek (1990) Grzimek's Encyclopedia of Mammals. McGraw-Hill: New York.
• Borowski, S., Krasinski, Z., and Milkowski, L. 1967. Food and role of the European bison in forest ecosystems. Acta Theriologica, 25: 367-376.
• C. Linnaeus. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae (Stockholm)
• Cabon-Raczynski, K., Krasinska, M., Krasinski, Z.A., and Wojcik, J.M. 1987. Rhythm of daily activity and behavior of European bison in the Bialowieza Forest in the period without snow cover. Acta Theriologica, 22: 335-372.
• Cabon-Raczynski, K., Krasinska, M., and Krasinski, Z.A. 1983. Behavior and daily activity rhythm of European bison in winter. Acta Theriologica, 28: 273-299.
• Corbet, G. B. 1978. The Mammals of the Palaearctic Region: a taxonomic review
• Corbet, G. B. 1978. The Mammals of the Palaearctic Region: a taxonomic review. 1-314
• Gebczynska, Z., Gebczynski, M., and Martynowicz, E. 1991. Food eaten by the free-living European bison in Bialowieza Forest. Acta Theriologica, 36: 307-313.
• Gebczynski, M. and Tomaszewska-Guszkiewicz, K. 1987. Genetic variability in the European bison. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 15: 285-288.
• Gill, J. 1990. Seasonal cyclicity in carbohydrate metabolism parameters in the European bison, Bison bonasus L. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 96A: 435-439.
• Hartl, G.C. and Pucek, Z. 1994. Genetic depletion in the European bison (Bison bonasus) and the significance of electrophoretic heterozygosity for conservation. Conservation Biology, 8: 167-174.
• Jedrzejewski, W., Jedrzejewska, B., Okarma, H., and Ruprecht, A.L. 1992. Wolf predation and snow cover as mortality factors in the ungulate community of the Bialowieza National Park, Poland. Oecologia, 90: 27-36.
• Kobrynczuk, F. and Roskosz, T. 1980. Correlation of skull dimensions in the European bison. Acta Theriologica, 25: 349-363.
• Korwin-Kossakowski, J. and Suminski, E. 1984. Development of gonads and spermatogenesis in hybrids of European bison and domestic cattle. Acta Theriologica, 29: 413-424.
• Krasinska, M., Cabon-Raczynski, K., and Krasinski, Z.A. 1987. Strategy of habitat utilization by European bison in the Bialowieza Forest. Acta Theriologica, 32: 147-202.
• Krasinski, Z. and Raczynski, J. 1967. The reproduction biology of European bison living in reserves and in freedom. Acta Theriologica, 12: 407-444.
• Okarma, H., Jedjrzejewski, W., Jedrzejewska, B., Krasinski, Z.A. and Milkowski, L. 1995. The role of predation, snow cover, acorn crop, and man-related factors on ungulate mortality in Bialowieza primeval Forest, Poland. Acta Theriologica, 40: 197-217.
• Olech, W. 1987. Analysis of inbreeding in European bison. Acta Theriologica, 32: 373-387.
• Orrell T. (custodian) (2013). ITIS Global: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System (version Sept 12). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life, 11th March 2013 (Roskov Y., Kunze T., Paglinawan L., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Hernandez F., De Wever A., eds). Digital resource at www.catalogueoflife.org/col/. Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• Pucek, Z. 1984. What to do with the European bison, now saved from extinction? Acta Zoologica Fennica, 172: 187-190.
• Richard Weigl (2005) Longevity of Mammals in Captivity; from the Living Collections of the World. Kleine Senckenberg-Reihe 48: Stuttgart.
• Sokolowski, A.W. 1983. restoring the bison's habitat in Bialowieza. Ambio, 12: 197-202.
• Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. 1992. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing
• Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. 1993. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. xviii + 1207
• Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole. 2000. Common Names of Mammals of the World
• Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole. 2000. Common Names of Mammals of the World. xiv + 204
• Wilson, Don E., and Sue Ruff, eds. 1999. The Smithsonian Book of North American Mammals
• Wilson, Don E., and Sue Ruff, eds. 1999. The Smithsonian Book of North American Mammals. xxv + 750