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Overview
Brief Summary
Description
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Mammal Species of the World
Click here for The American Society of Mammalogists species account
- Original description: Wagner, A., 1843. Diagnosen neuer Arten brasilischer Handflugler, p. 368. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Berlin, Germany, 9(1):365-368.
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Distribution
Range Description
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Geographic Range
Found in South Florida, Cuba, Jamaica; from Central Mexico to Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Northern Argentina and Southern Brazil
Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native ); neotropical (Native )
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Physical Description
Morphology
Physical Description
E. glaucinus is medium sized compared to other species in its genus. Its color varies from black or brownish grey to chestnut. The venter is notably lighter. The snout is elongate with no noseleaf. The ears are wider than long and extend past the snout when brought forward. The tragus is 4-5mm and square across the top. The cranium is robust and longer than it is wide. A sagittal crest is present, along with a prominent occipitotemporal crest. Dental formula= 1/2 1/1 2/2 3/3 =30. The molars are succesively smaller in the toothrow with the third molar much smaller than the first two. The plagiopatagium extends to the heel. The uropatagium is moderately wide with the tail extending well beyond the margin. E. glaucinus has a pungent musky odor that has an unknown function.
Range mass: 30.2 to 46.6 g.
Average mass: 36.6 g.
Average length: 135.5 mm.
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry
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Size
Size in North America
Average: 139.7 mm males; 138 mm females
Range: 123-165 mm males; 117-156 mm females
Weight:
Average: 34.1 g males; 36.1 g females
Range: 25-47 g males; 28.2-55.4 g females
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Ecology
Habitat
Habitat and Ecology
Systems
- Terrestrial
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A typical inhabitant of subtropical Forests but found in a variety of habitats in various geographic regions. Florida: subtropical forest; Cuba: primarily urban; Mexico: tropical forest; Costa rica: subtropical moist forest and urban; Venezuela: tropical moist forest; Argentina: deserts, scrublands, montane forest. E. glaucinus is frequently found in urban areas throughout its range.
Habitat Regions: temperate ; tropical ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: desert or dune ; forest ; rainforest ; scrub forest
Other Habitat Features: urban
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Trophic Strategy
Food Habits
These bats fly high and in straight lines to detect insects in the absence of clutter. They use echolocation to find insects at a distance of 3-5 m. They catch insects on the wing. Insects commonly eaten include: Coleoptera (beetles), Diptera (true flies), Hemiptera (true bugs), Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) and Orthoptera (grasshoppers).
Animal Foods: insects
Primary Diet: carnivore (Insectivore )
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Associations
Predation
Known Predators:
- American kestrels (Falco sparverius)
- barn owls (Tyto alba)
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Known prey organisms
- Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2006. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed February 16, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.org. http://www.animaldiversity.org
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Life History and Behavior
Reproduction
Mating System: polygynous
Average number of offspring: 1.
Average weaning age: 5-6 weeks.
Key Reproductive Features: year-round breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual
Females lactate 5-6 weeks
Parental Investment: altricial
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Conservation
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List Assessment
Red List Category
Red List Criteria
Version
Year Assessed
Assessor/s
Reviewer/s
Contributor/s
Justification
History
- 1996Lower Risk/least concern
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In Florida Eumops glaucinus has been place on the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission's Endangered List. Pesticides are thought to be the reason for the species extinction from Miami FL.
US Migratory Bird Act: no special status
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: no special status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern
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Trends
Population
Population Trend
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Threats
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Management
Conservation Actions
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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems
Benefits
Economic Importance for Humans: Positive
Eumops glaucinus potentially eats insects that are harmful to agriculture.
Positive Impacts: controls pest population
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Wikipedia
Wagner's bonneted bat
Wagner's bonneted bat (Eumops glaucinus), is a species of bat in the family Molossidae. it is found in the Americas from Argentina and Peru north to Mexico, Cuba and Florida in the United States (possibly. Its range may not overlap with Eumops floridanus.).[1]
Contents |
Description
Eumops glaucinus is a medium size bat, with a body length of around 5 inches. Its color varies from black or brownish grey to chestnut. The underparts of the bat’s body have a more dull and pale look than the back.[2] Its round ears are wider than they are long and jut beyond the head, giving this bat a "bonnet" like appearance. It has a long and thin snout and the upper lip doesn't jut out.[3] It has a pungent musky odor that serves an unknown function.[4] The cranium of the bat is large, has a greater length than width, and is flattened in the dorsoventral plane.[5] Wings of members of the genus Eumops are narrow and well-adapted for quick, prolonged flight.[6] This high aspect-ratio wing structure allows for high-speed flight in open areas.[7]
The variation within the E. glaucinus group has been recognized as belonging to a single species.[8] E. glaucinus has also been divided into four species using molecular data, morphological characters, and karyotypes.[9]
Habitat
E. glaucinus can be found in diverse habitats in its extensive geographic range. In the northern area of its range, it inhabits dry or moist subtropical forests and tropical forests. In the southern area of its range it inhabits scrublands, montane forests, and deserts.[10] It can also be found in urban areas, in buildings and low shrubbery.[11] It has been found at various elevations in the different areas of its range. It has been found at lower elevations of 25-240 meters in Panama[12] and 150-600 meters in Venezuela.[13] It has been found at higher elevations of 2,750 meters in Colombia.[14]
Diet
E. glaucinus eats flying insects.[15] It eats a variety of insects, including beetles, true flies, true bugs, grasshoppers, moths, and butterflies. Insects are taken on the wing.
Behavior
E. glaucinus is nocturnal.[16] It roosts in colonies of various sizes.[17] The sex ratios of the colonies suggest that a colony is composed of a male and his harem.[18] The bats are quiet and calm during the day. When disturbed, they produce loud, high-pitched vocalizations but they don't attempt to fly away. They scream incessantly if they are held.[19]
Reproduction
E. glaucinus ovulates more than once per year and usually gives birth to a single offspring. In Florida, young have been observed in June, and pregnant females have been observed from August and September.[20] In Cuba, there is evidence of reproductive activity throughout most of the year. Gestation, lactation, juveniles, and young adults have been observed throughout most of the year.[21]
Fossil History
The origin of E. glaucinus is found in the Blancan of the Pliocene roughly 3.3 million years ago.[22][23]
References
- ^ a b Barquez, R., Mancina, C., Rodriguez, B., Miller, B. & Diaz, M. (2008). "Eumops glaucinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
- ^ Goodwin, G. G. (1946). Mammals of Honduras. pp. 107–195.
- ^ Taboada, Silva (1965). Lisa de los parasitos hallados en murcielagos cubanos. pp. 1–14.
- ^ Belwood, J.J. (1992). Florida mastiff bat, Eumops glaucinus floridanus (Molossidae) in southwestern Florida. Journal of Mammalogy. pp. 411–413.
- ^ Taboada, Silva (1965). Lisa de los parasitos hallados en murcielagos cubanos. pp. 1–14.
- ^ Vaughan, T.A. (1959). Functional morphology of three bats: Eumops, Myotis, Macrotus. University of Kansas Publications. pp. 1–153.
- ^ Findley, J.S.; E.H. Studier, D.E. Wilson (1972). "Morphologic properties of bat wings". Journal of Mammalogy 53: 429–444.
- ^ Timm, R.M.; H.H. Genoways (2004). "The Florida bonneted bat, Eumops floridanus (Chiroptera: Molossidae): distribution, morphometrics, systematics, and ecology". Journal of Mammalogy 85: 852–865.
- ^ McDonough, M.M.; L.K. Ammerman, R.M. Timm, H.H. Genoways, P.A. Larsen, and R.J. Baker (2008). "Speciation within bonneted bats (genus Eumops): the complexity of morphological, mitochondrial, and nuclear data sets in systematics". Journal of Mammalogy 89: 1306–1315.
- ^ Best, T.L. (1997). Eumops glaucinus. pp. 1–6.
- ^ Jennings, W.L. (1958). The ecological distribution of bats in Florida. University of Florida. pp. 1–126.
- ^ Tyson, E.L. (1964). "Two new records of bats (Molossidae) from Panama". Journal of Mammalogy 45: 495–496.
- ^ Eisenberg, J.F. (1989). Mammals of the Neotropics. The University of Chicago Press. pp. 1–449.
- ^ Tamsitt, J.R.; Valdivieso (1963). "Records and observations on Colombian bats". Journal of Mammalogy 44: 168–180.
- ^ Goodwin, G. G. (1946). Mammals of Honduras. pp. 107–195.
- ^ Taboada, Silva (1979). Los murcielagos de Cuba. Editorial Cubana. p. 423.
- ^ Goodwin, G. G. (1946). Mammals of Honduras. pp. 107–195.
- ^ Belwood, J.J. (1981). "Wagner's mastiff bat, Eumops glaucinus floridanus (Molossidae) in southwestern Florida.". Journal of Mammalogy 62: 411–413.
- ^ Taboada, Silva (1979). Los murcielagos de Cuba. Editorial Cubana. p. 423.
- ^ Belwood, J.J. (1992). Florida mastiff bat, Eumops glaucinus floridanus. University Press of Florida. pp. 216–223.
- ^ Taboada, Silva (1979). Los murcielagos de Cuba. Editorial Cubana. p. 423.
- ^ PaleoDB collection 19638, entry by John Alroy, Ph.D., February 18, 1993.
- ^ Czaplewski, N. J. (1993). "Late Tertiary bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) from the southwestern United States". Southwestern Naturalist 38 (2): 111–118. doi:10.2307/3672062. JSTOR 3672062.
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