This species occurs in Nicaragua; Panama and Colombia to Guianas, Amazonian Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia (Simmons 2005). New record for the Atlantic Forest that extends the range (Gregorin et al. in press). Also a new record for the Cerrado in gallery forest (Bezerra et al. 2005). Found in Costa Risca (Tschapka et al. 2000)

Thyroptera discifera is exclusively neotropical, found from southern Nicaragua in Central America to Guianas and Peru in northern South America. (Nowak 1997, Wilson 1978)

Biogeographic Regions: neotropical (Native )

Thyroptera discifera is a relatively small brownish bat. The head and body length is 34-52 mm, and the tail length is an additional 24-33 mm. The tail extends 1-3 mm beyond the edge of the uropatagial membrane. The pelage may be chocolate-brown in color or reddish brown above and lighter brown below. The flight membranes have little fur. The outer ears are yellowish. The front edge of the ears reaches forward to the eyes, and the bottom edge reaches down to the edge of the mouth. The ears have been described as both squarish and funnel shaped. They are not connected across the top of the head, and a tragus is present. The most unusually feature of T. discifera, which it shares with the other species of Thyroptera, is the circular suction cups carried on short stalks on the soles of the feet and at the base of the thumb claw. The thumb disks are somewhat larger than the feet disks. These disks are used for hanging upright on smooth surfaces. (Emmans 1997, Nowak 1997, Thewissen et al 1995, Wilson 1978)

Range mass: 3 to 5 g.

Range length: 34 to 52 mm.

Habitat and Ecology

Systems

• Terrestrial

T. discifera lives primarily in lowland rainforest. It may also occasionally be found in gardens and plantations that were formerly rainforest. (Emmons 1997)

Habitat Regions: tropical

Terrestrial Biomes: rainforest

Other Habitat Features: suburban ; agricultural

T. discifera is insectivorous and may be specialized for catching insects in flight amid dense vegetation. (Emmons 1997, Nowak 1997)

Primary Diet: carnivore (Insectivore )

Very little is known about reproductive behavior specific to T. discifera. Like all bats and other eutherian mammals, they have internal fertilization and are viviparous. Young are unable to fly at birth and stay with their mothers until they can fly. Young T. discifera cling to the neck and breast of their mother using their teeth and claws. (Hayssen 1993, Wilson 1978)

Key Reproductive Features: gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); fertilization (Internal ); viviparous

Parental Investment: female parental care

Thyroptera discifera is relavitely rare and limited by habitat, but is not officially considered endangered. (Emmans 1997)

US Migratory Bird Act: no special status

US Federal List: no special status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern

Population

Population Trend

Major Threats

Conservation Actions

As with all insectivorous bats, T. discifera is plays a role in the control of insect pests.

Positive Impacts: controls pest population