Carollia perspicillata — Details

Geographic Range

Central and South America: S, Mexico to Bolivia, Paraguay, and SE Brazil; to 2,400 m elevation.

Biogeographic Regions: neotropical (Native )

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Physical Description

Morphology

Physical Description

Average mass: 15 g.

Average basal metabolic rate: 0.24 W.

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Type Information

Type for Carollia perspicillata
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Mammals
Sex/Stage: Female;
Preparation: Skin; Skull
Collector(s): W. Foster
Year Collected: 1901
Locality: Sapucay, Paraguay, South America
Microhabitat: Collected in cave

Type: Miller, G. S. 1902 Sep 12. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia. 54: 408.

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Source: National Museum of Natural History Image Collection

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Ecology

Habitat

Habitat and Ecology

Habitat and Ecology

Found in tunnels, understory. Bats of this species are widespread and highly abundant in many localities of the Neotropics. They demonstrate a strong preference for fruits of the family Piperaceae (Fleming 1988), but may feed on at least 38 different plant families (Geiselman et al. 2002). They may also feed on nectar, pollen and insects during seasons of low fruit availability (Mello et al. 2004). A more generalist diet may be a mechanism that allow coexistence of this species and other member of the same genus in the same locality (Thies and Kalko 2004), and the focus on Piper may reduce competition with other small-sized frugivorous phyllostomids like Sturnira (Marinho-Filho 1991). These bats present the typical bimodal reproductive pattern of plant-eating phyllostomids, and the timing of their breeding seasons is mainly determined by climate and fruiting food-plants (Mello et al. 2004). Cloutier and Thomas (1992) report that C. perspicillata bats may form colonies from a few to hundreds of individuals. Charles-Dominique (1991) observed differences in feeding behaviour between males and females, especially during the reproductive season. There is a strong reduction in number of captures of these bats in mist-nets during brither periods and nights, an evidence of lunar phobia (Mello 2006).

Systems

Terrestrial

Source: IUCN

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Habitat

Found in the moist evergreen and dry deciduous forests, usually below 1,000m but up to 1,500m.

Terrestrial Biomes: forest ; rainforest

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Trophic Strategy

Food Habits

Generalist, feeding on a least 50 different species of fruit. Also pollen and insects. Generally forage close to the ground.

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Life History and Behavior

Life Expectancy

Lifespan/Longevity

Average lifespan

Status: captivity: 12.4 years.

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Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

Maximum longevity: 17 years (captivity) Observations: One 17 year old specimen was still alive in captivity (Richard Weigl 2005).

Source: AnAge

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Reproduction

Two reproductive periods. The larger one coincides with peak fruit productions, (June-August) and the other with the blooming of flowers at the end of the dry season (Feb.-May.) Gestation is 115-120 days. Newborns weigh about 5g.

Average birth mass: 5 g.

Average gestation period: 95 days.

Average number of offspring: 1.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male)

Sex: male: 258 days.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female)

Sex: female: 258 days.

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Molecular Biology and Genetics

Molecular Biology

Barcode data: Carollia perspicillata

The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.

There are 1017 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.

BCBN505-05|ROM 97499|Carollia perspicillata| ---------------------------------------ACCCTTTATCTTCTGTTTGGTGCTTGAGCAGGCATAGTAGGCACTGCACTA---AGCCTTCTTATCCGTGCTGAGCTTGGCCAACCCGGAGCCTTATTAGGTGAT---GATCAGATCTATAATGTAATTGTAACAGCTCATGCCTTTGTGATAATCTTCTTTATAGTTATACCTATTATAATTGGAGGTTTTGGTAACTGACTAATTCCTCTAATA---ATTGGTGCCCCTGACATAGCCTTTCCCCGAATAAACAATATAAGCTTCTGACTCCTACCTCCCTCTTTCTTATTATTACTAGCCTCTTCAACAGTCGAAGCAGGAGTAGGTACCGGCTGAACAGTATACCCACCCCTAGCAGGCAATCTCGCACATGCAGGAGCTTCTGTAGATCTA---GCTATTTTTTCTCTCCACCTTGCAGGAGTCTCATCAATTCTAGGCGCTATCAACTTTATTACCACTATTATTAATATGAAGCCCCCTGCTCTCTCTCAATATCAAACACCCCTGTTCGTCTGATCTGTCCTAATTACAGCCGTCTTATTACTTCTGTCTCTTCCTGTTCTAGCAGCA---GGTATCACTATACTATTAACAGACCGAAACCTTAATACCACCTTCTTTGACCCTGCTGGAGGAGGAGACCCAATCCTATATCAACACCTA-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- end --

Download FASTA File

Source: Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD)

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Statistics of barcoding coverage: Carollia perspicillata

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 1013
Species: 1261
Species With Barcodes: 1

Source: Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD)

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Conservation

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List Assessment

Red List Category

Least Concern

Red List Criteria

Version

3.1

Year Assessed

2008

Assessor/s

Barquez, R., Perez, S., Miller, B. & Diaz, M.

Reviewer/s

Medellín, R. (Chiroptera Red List Authority) & Schipper, J. (Global Mammal Assessment Team)

Justification

This species is listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, presumed large population, it occurs in a number of protected areas, and because it is unlikely to be declining at nearly the rate required to qualify for listing in a threatened category.

History

1996

Lower Risk/least concern

(Baillie and Groombridge 1996)

Source: IUCN

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Conservation Status

Common and widespread.

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern

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Trends

Population

Population

Abundant.

Population Trend

Stable

Source: IUCN

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Threats

Major Threats

None known.

Source: IUCN

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Management

Conservation Actions

Conservation Actions

Need taxonomic review. Found in protected areas.

Source: IUCN

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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems

Benefits

Economic Importance for Humans: Negative

None known.

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Economic Importance for Humans: Positive

Important disperser for many plants. Bats eat up to around 35 fruits of the genus Piper per night, which translates to 350-2,500 seeds dispersed per night per individual. Also may be an important pollinator to many plant species.

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Wikipedia

Seba's Short-tailed Bat

Seba's Short-tailed Bat, Carollia perspicillata, is a common and widespread bat species from South and Central America.

C. perspicillata dwells in both moist evergreen and dry deciduous forests, usually below 1,000 meters altitude, typically roosting in groups of 10-100 bats in caves, hollow trees, tunnels, and road culverts. It feeds on a least 50 different species of fruit, as well as pollen and insects.

References

Cloutier, D., and Thomas, D.W. 1992. "Carollia perspicillata: Mammalian Species" No. 417, pp. 1–9, 3 figs. American Society of Mammalogists.
Mulheisen, M. 1999. "Carollia perspicillata" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web
Chiroptera Specialist Group 1996. Carollia perspicillata. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 26 October 2008.
Infonatura

Extant species of family Phyllostomidae

Kingdom: Animalia · Phylum: Chordata · Class: Mammalia · Infraclass: Eutheria · Superorder: Laurasiatheria · Order: Chiroptera

Subfamilies Brachyphyllinae, Carolliinae, Desmodontinae, Phyllonycterinae

Brachyphyllinae

Brachyphylla	Cuban Fruit-eating Bat (B. nana) · Antillean Fruit-eating Bat (B. cavernarum)

Carolliinae

Carollia (Short-tailed Leaf-nosed Bats)	Benkeith's Short-tailed Bat (C. benkeithi) · Silky Short-tailed Bat (C. brevicauda) · Chestnut Short-tailed Bat (C. castanea) · Colombian Short-tailed Bat (C. colombiana) · Manu Short-tailed Bat (C. manu) · C. monohernandezi · *Seba's Short-tailed Bat (C. perspicillata)* · Sowell's Short-tailed Bat (C. sowelli) · Gray Short-tailed Bat (C. subrufa)

Rhinophylla	Hairy Little Fruit Bat (R. alethina) · Fischer's Little Fruit Bat (R. fischerae) · Dwarf Little Fruit Bat (R. pumilio)

Desmodontinae
(Vampire Bats)


Desmodus	Common Vampire Bat (D. rotundus)

Diaemus	White-winged Vampire Bat (D. youngi)

Diphylla	Hairy-legged Vampire Bat (D. ecaudata)

Phyllonycterinae


Erophylla	Brown Flower Bat (E. bombifrons) · Buffy Flower Bat (E. sezekorni)

Phyllonycteris	Jamaican Flower Bat (P. aphylla) · Cuban Flower Bat (P. poeyi)

Subfamily Glossophaginae

Glossophagini

Anoura (Geoffroy's Long-nosed Bats)	A. aequatoris · Cadena's Tailless Bat (A. cadenai) · Tailed Tailless Bat (A. caudifera) · Handley's Tailless Bat (A. cultrata) · Tube-lipped Nectar Bat (A. fistulata) · Geoffroy's Tailless Bat (A. geoffroyi) · Broad-toothed Tailless Bat (A. latidens) · Luis Manuel's Tailless Bat (A. luismanueli)

Choeroniscus	Godman's Long-tailed Bat (C. godmani) · Greater Long-tailed Bat (C. periosus) · Minor Long-nosed Long-tongued Bat (C. minor)

Choeronycteris	Mexican Long-tongued Bat (C. mexicana)

Glossophaga	Commissaris's Long-tongued Bat (G. commissarisi) · Gray Long-tongued Bat (G. leachii) · Miller's Long-tongued Bat (G. longirostris) · Western Long-tongued Bat (G. morenoi) · Pallas's Long-tongued Bat (G. soricina)

Hylonycteris	Underwood's Long-tongued Bat (H. underwoodi)

Leptonycteris (Saussure's Long-nosed Bats)	Southern Long-nosed Bat (L. curasoae) · Greater Long-nosed Bat (L. nivalis) · Lesser Long-nosed Bat (L. yerbabuenae)

Lichonycteris	Dark Long-tongued Bat (L. obscura)

Monophyllus	Insular Single Leaf Bat (M. plethodon) · Leach's Single Leaf Bat (M. redmani)

Musonycteris	Banana Bat (M. harrisoni)

Scleronycteris	Ega Long-tongued Bat (S. ega)

Lonchophyllini


Lionycteris	Chestnut Long-tongued Bat (L. spurrelli)

Lonchophylla	Bokermann's Nectar Bat (L. bokermanni) · Cadena's Long-tongued Bat (L. cadenai) · Chocoan Long-tongued Bat (L. chocoana) · L. concava · Dekeyser's Nectar Bat (L. dekeyseri) · Arched Nectar Bat (L. fornicata) · Handley's Nectar Bat (L. handleyi) · Western Nectar Bat (L. hesperia) · Godman's Nectar Bat (L. mordax) · Orcés’s Long-tongued Bat (L. orcesi) · L. orienticollina · Patton's Long-tongued Bat (L. pattoni) · Orange Nectar Bat (L. robusta) · Thomas's Nectar Bat (L. thomasi)

Platalina	Long-snouted Bat (P. genovensium)

Xeronycteris	Vieira's Long-tongued Bat (X. vieirai)

Subfamily Phyllostominae

Micronycterini

Glyphonycteris	Behn's Bat (G. behnii) · Davies's Big-eared Bat (G. daviesi) · Tricolored Big-eared Bat (G. sylvestris)

Lampronycteris	Yellow-throated Big-eared Bat (L. brachyotis)

Macrotus (Big-eared Bats)	California Leaf-nosed Bat (M. californicus) · Waterhouse's Leaf-nosed Bat (M. waterhousii)

Micronycteris (Little Big-eared Bats)	Brosset's Big-eared Bat (M. brosseti) · Giovanni's Big-eared Bat (M. giovanniae) · Hairy Big-eared Bat (M. hirsuta) · Pirlot's Big-eared Bat (M. homezi) · Matses' Big-eared Bat (M. matses) · Little Big-eared Bat (M. megalotis) · Common Big-eared Bat (M. microtis) · White-bellied Big-eared Bat (M. minuta) · Sanborn's Big-eared Bat (M. sanborni) · Schmidts's Big-eared Bat (M. schmidtorum)

Neonycteris	Least Big-eared Bat (N. pusilla)

Trinycteris	Niceforo's Big-eared Bat (T. nicefori)

Vampyrini


Chrotopterus	Big-eared Woolly Bat (C. auritus)

Lophostoma	Equatorial Round-eared Bat (L. aequatorialis) · Pygmy Round-eared Bat (L. brasiliense) · Carriker's Round-eared Bat (L. carrikeri) · Davis's Round-eared Bat (L. evotis) · Schultz's Round-eared Bat (L. schulzi) · White-throated Round-eared Bat (L. silvicolum) · Yasuni Round-eared Bat (L. yasuni)

Tonatia (Round-eared Bats)	Greater Round-eared Bat (T. bidens) · Stripe-headed Round-eared Bat (T. saurophila)

Trachops	Fringe-lipped Bat (T. cirrhosus)

Vampyrum	Spectral Bat (V. spectrum)

Lonchorhinini


Lonchorhina (Sword-nosed Bats)	Tomes's Sword-nosed Bat (L. aurita) · Fernandez's Sword-nosed Bat (L. fernandezi) · Northern Sword-nosed Bat (L. inusitata) · Marinkelle's Sword-nosed Bat (L. marinkellei) · Orinoco Sword-nosed Bat (L. orinocensis)

Macrophyllum	Long-legged Bat (M. macrophyllum)

Mimon (Gray's Spear-nosed Bats)	Golden Bat (M. bennettii) · Cozumelan Golden Bat (M. cozumelae) · Striped Hairy-nosed Bat (M. crenulatum) · Koepcke's Spear-nosed Bat (M. koepckeae)

Phyllostomatini


Phylloderma	Pale-faced Bat (P. stenops)

Phyllostomus (Spear-nosed Bats)	Pale Spear-nosed Bat (P. discolor) · Lesser Spear-nosed Bat (P. elongatus) · Greater Spear-nosed Bat (P. hastatus) · Guianan Spear-nosed Bat (P. latifolius)

Subfamily Stenodermatinae

Ametrida	Little White-shouldered Bat (A. centurio)

Ardops	Tree Bat (A. nichollsi)

Ariteus	Jamaican Fig-eating Bat (A. flavescens)

Artibeus (Neotropical Fruit Bats)	Subgenus Artibeus: Large Fruit-eating Bat (A. amplus) · Fringed Fruit-eating Bat (A. fimbriatus) · Fraternal Fruit-eating Bat (A. fraterculus) · Hairy Fruit-eating Bat (A. hirsutus) · Honduran Fruit-eating Bat (A. inopinatus) · Jamaican Fruit Bat (A. jamaicensis) · Great Fruit-eating Bat (A. lituratus) · Dark Fruit-eating Bat (A. obscurus) · Flat-faced Fruit-eating Bat (A. planirostris) Subgenus Dermanura: Andersen's Fruit-eating Bat (A. anderseni) · Aztec Fruit-eating Bat (A. aztecus) · Bogota Fruit-eating Bat (A. bogotensis) · Gervais's Fruit-eating Bat (A. cinereus) · Silver Fruit-eating Bat (A. glaucus) · Gnome Fruit-eating Bat (A. gnomus) · Solitary Fruit-eating Bat (A. incomitatus) · Pygmy Fruit-eating Bat (A. phaeotis) · Rosenberg's Fruit-eating Bat (A. rosenbergi) · Toltec Fruit-eating Bat (A. toltecus) · Thomas's Fruit-eating Bat (A. watsoni) Subgenus Koopmania: Brown Fruit-eating Bat (A. concolor)

Centurio	Wrinkle-faced Bat (C. senex)

Chiroderma (Big-eyed Bats)	Brazilian Big-eyed Bat (C. doriae) · Guadeloupe Big-eyed Bat (C. improvisum) · Salvin's Big-eyed Bat (C. salvini) · Little Big-eyed Bat (C. trinitatum) · Hairy Big-eyed Bat (C. villosum)

Ectophylla	Honduran White Bat (E. alba)

Enchisthenes	Velvety Fruit-eating Bat (E. hartii)

Mesophylla	MacConnell's Bat (M. macconnelli)

Phyllops (Falcate-winged Bats)	Cuban Fig-eating Bat (P. falcatus)

Platyrrhinus	Alberico's Broad-nosed Bat (P. albericoi) · P. angustirostris · P. aquilus · Eldorado Broad-nosed Bat (P. aurarius) · Short-headed Broad-nosed Bat (P. brachycephalus) · Choco Broad-nosed Bat (P. chocoensis) · Thomas's Broad-nosed Bat (P. dorsalis) · P. fusciventris · Heller's Broad-nosed Bat (P. helleri) · P. incarum · Buffy Broad-nosed Bat (P. infuscus) · Ismael's Broad-nosed Bat (P. ismaeli) · White-lined Broad-nosed Bat (P. lineatus) · Quechua Broad-nosed Bat (P. masu) · Matapalo Broad-nosed Bat (P. matapalensis) · Geoffroy's Rayed Bat (P. nigellus) · P. nitelinea · Recife Broad-nosed Bat (P. recifinus) · Shadowy Broad-nosed Bat (P. umbratus) · Greater Broad-nosed Bat (P. vittatus)

Pygoderma	Ipanema Bat (P. bilabiatum)

Sphaeronycteris	Visored Bat (S. toxophyllum)

Stenoderma	Red Fruit Bat (S. rufum)

Sturnira (Yellow-shouldered Bats)	Aratathomas's Yellow-shouldered Bat (S. aratathomasi) · Bidentate Yellow-shouldered Bat (S. bidens) · Bogota Yellow-shouldered Bat (S. bogotensis) · Hairy Yellow-shouldered Bat (S. erythromos) · Choco Yellow-shouldered Bat (S. koopmanhilli) · Little Yellow-shouldered Bat (S. lilium) · Highland Yellow-shouldered Bat (S. ludovici) · Louis's Yellow-shouldered Bat (S. luisi) · Greater Yellow-shouldered Bat (S. magna) · Mistratoan Yellow-shouldered Bat (S. mistratensis) · Talamancan Yellow-shouldered Bat (S. mordax) · Lesser Yellow-shouldered Bat (S. nana) · Tschudi's Yellow-shouldered Bat (S. oporaphilum) · Soriano's Yellow-shouldered Bat (S. sorianoi) · Thomas's Yellow-shouldered Bat (S. thomasi) · Tilda's Yellow-shouldered Bat (S. tildae)

Uroderma (Tent-building Bats)	Tent-making Bat (U. bilobatum) · Brown Tent-making Bat (U. magnirostrum)

Vampyressa (Yellow-eared Bats)	Bidentate Yellow-eared Bat (V. bidens) · Brock's Yellow-eared Bat (V. brocki) · Melissa's Yellow-eared Bat (V. melissa) · Striped Yellow-eared Bat (V. nymphaea) · Southern Little Yellow-eared Bat (V. pusilla) · Northern Little Yellow-eared Bat (V. thyone)

Vampyrodes	Great Stripe-faced Bat (V. caraccioli)

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