Overview

Distribution

Range Description

This species is known from the type locality (East Plana Keys, Bahamas) and introduced populations on Little Wax Cay (1973) and Warderivk Wells Cay (1981), Bahamas. (Woods and Kilpatrick 2005).
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Geographic Range

Geocapromys ingrahami is found on the islands of the Bahamas. Subspecies are found on other islands of the Caribbean, and northern Venezuela.

(Encyclopedia Britannica,1999)

Biogeographic Regions: neotropical (Native ); oceanic islands (Native )

Other Geographic Terms: island endemic

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Physical Description

Morphology

Physical Description

Geocapromys ingrahami is a rat-like rodent. Its fur comes in many different colors. It can be gray, brown, black, white, or red. Its length ranges from 20 - 60 cm, not including the tail. The tail is short.

(Attrill, 2000; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1999)

Average mass: 5.000 kg.

Average mass: 660 g.

Average basal metabolic rate: 1.483 W.

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Ecology

Habitat

Habitat and Ecology

Habitat and Ecology
This species is found on coral atolls with semi-arid woody scrub and thicket; it is the most terrestrial of the hutias. It is herbivorous and is known to eat the fruits, leaves and trunks of island vegetation, and occasionally seaweed.

Systems
  • Terrestrial
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Habitat

Geocapromys ingrahami is found in the forests of the Bahamas. It is found in the trees or on the ground. This species of Hutia is found mainly on the East Plana Cay of the Bahamas.

Habitat Regions: tropical ; terrestrial

Terrestrial Biomes: forest ; scrub forest

  • Packard, R. 1983. Hutia. Pp. 620 in Encyclopedia Britannica.
  • Attrill, R., M. Attrill. 2000. "The Bahamas Hutia" (On-line). Accessed October 22, 2000 at http://www.attrill.freeserve.co.uk/hutia.htm.
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Trophic Strategy

Food Habits

The Bahamas Hutia is mostly a vegetarian. It eats bark, leaves, nuts, fruits, and the occasional insect or lizard. Geocapromys ingrahami is a good climber but tends to eat the vegetation closer to the ground.

(Attrill, 2000; Packard, 1983; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1999)

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Life History and Behavior

Life Expectancy

Lifespan/Longevity

Average lifespan

Status: wild:
6.0 years.

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Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

Observations: Little is known about the longevity of these animals. One wild born specimen was about 9 years old when it died in captivity (Richard Weigl 2005). Considering the low reproduction rate of these animals, however, longevity is likely longer, maybe up to 12 years.
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Reproduction

Reproduction

The females breed all year round. The gestation period is 17 - 18 weeks. The female may have one to four young. The young are born full of fur and with their eyes open. They are able to eat solid foods, like leaves, a few days after they are born. The young tend to stay with their mothers for up to two years. Geocapromys ingrahami lives up to 12 years and the reproduction rate is low. Sexual maturity is two years old.

(Attrill, 2000; Packard, 1983)

Range number of offspring: 1.000 to 4.000.

Range gestation period: 125 to 156 days.

Range weaning age: 2.000 (low) days.

Average birth mass: 80 g.

Average number of offspring: 1.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male)

Sex: male:
730 days.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female)

Sex: female:
730 days.

Parental Investment: precocial

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Conservation

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List Assessment


Red List Category
VU
Vulnerable

Red List Criteria
D2

Version
3.1

Year Assessed
2008

Assessor/s
Turvey, S. & Dávalos, L.

Reviewer/s
McKnight, M. (Global Mammal Assessment Team) & Amori, G. (Small Nonvolant Mammal Red List Authority)

Contributor/s

Justification
Listed as Vulnerable due to a very restricted population (less than 6 locations). While these populations are currently stable, they face possible threats in the future from stochastic events (such as hurricanes) and the introduction of predators.

History
  • 1996
    Vulnerable
  • 1994
    Rare
    (Groombridge 1994)
  • 1990
    Rare
    (IUCN 1990)
  • 1988
    Rare
    (IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre 1988)
  • 1986
    Rare
    (IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre 1986)
  • 1982
    Rare
    (Thornback and Jenkins 1982)
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Conservation Status

Geocapromys ingarahami is an endangered species. It was once believed that it was extinct. The causes of their endangerment include hunting, habitat destruction, predation by introduced cats, dogs, and mongoose. Scientists have relocated some Hutia to other small islands of the Bahamas.

The animal is protected under the Wild Animals Protection Act of 1968. This prohibits killing and capturing of Hutia. The Bahamas Hutia has the most abundant population of all the Hutia species. One species is extinct, and all are endangered or threatened. A program is reintroducing the Bahamas Hutia to the island of Exuma.

(Attrill, 2000; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1999)

US Federal List: threatened

CITES: no special status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: vulnerable

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Population

Population
This species is poorly known. It has been extirpated from much of its range; it may be locally abundant on the three small islands where it remains. Population estimates are outdated but are exist: East Plana Key (12,000 individuals), Little Wax Key (1,200) (Campbell et al. 1991, Clough 1972).

Population Trend
Stable
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Threats

Threats

Major Threats
Populations remain stable on the few islands where the species persists, however, these islands are susceptible to being wiped out by stochastic events such as hurricanes. All populations are threatened by the possibility of a feral cat arriving to the islands.
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Management

Conservation Actions

Conservation Actions
There are no known conservation measures.
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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems

Benefits

Economic Importance for Humans: Negative

There is no negative affect on humans.

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Economic Importance for Humans: Positive

The Bahamas Hutia can be easily bred and studied in zoos. Scientists also study this animal because it is endangered.

(Attrill, 2000)

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Wikipedia

Bahamian Hutia

The Bahamian Hutia or Ingraham's Hutia (Geocapromys ingrahami) is a species of rodent in the Capromyidae family.

Geocapromys ingrahami is endemic to the Bahamas.

Contents

Habitat

Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, and rocky areas. It is a nocturnal species, remaining underground during the day. It is threatened due to land clearance.

Extinctions

Two subspecies became extinct in modern times. The Crooked Island Hutia (G. i. irrectus) and the Great Abaco Hutia (G. i. abaconis) were mentioned by early European voyagers, and are thought to have become extinct by 1600. This is thought to be due to land clearance rather than direct hunting.

See also

References

  1. ^ Turvey, S. & Dávalos, L. (2008). Geocapromys ingrahami. In: IUCN 2008. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 6 January 2009.
  • Day, D. (1981). The Encyclopedia of Vanished Species. London: Universal Books. pp. p. 236. ISBN 0-947889-30-2. 


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