Trees or shrubs. Flowers appearing before or after the leaves, in usually erect catkins, bracts entire or toothed; each flower with 1-2 fleshy glands; stamens 2-many.

Foodplant / pathogen
sometimes concentric acervulus of Colletotrichum coelomycetous anamorph of Glomerella cingulata infects and damages live shoot of Salix 'Americana'
Remarks: season: 5+

Foodplant / feeds on
Globiceps juniperi feeds on Salix (dwarf species)

Plant / associate
Abdera flexuosa is associated with Salix

Plant / associate
Acalyptus carpini is associated with Salix

Foodplant / internal feeder
larva of Agrilus laticornis feeds within wood of Salix

Foodplant / internal feeder
larva of Agrilus viridis feeds within wood of Salix

Foodplant / gall
Agrobacterium tumefaciens causes gall of stem (esp. base) of Salix

In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / parasite
fruitbody of Agrocybe cylindracea parasitises branch of Salix
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / miner
often communal larva of Agromyza albitarsis mines leaf of Salix

Plant / hibernates / within
naked prepupa of Allantus togatus hibernates inside bark of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Amanita lividopallescens is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / internal feeder
larva of Amauronematus amentorum feeds within fruiting catkin of Salix

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Amauronematus fasciatus grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Amauronematus histrio grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Amauronematus leucolaenus grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Amauronematus sagmarius grazes on leaf of Salix
Other: sole host/prey

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Amauronematus semilacteus grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Amauronematus taeniatus grazes on leaf of Salix
Other: sole host/prey

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Amauronematus trautmanni grazes on leaf of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain
Other: sole host/prey

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Amauronematus tunicatus grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Amauronematus viduatus grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / feeds on
larva of Ametastegia albipes feeds on leaf of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Ametastegia glabrata grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
immersed perithecium of Amphisphaeria millepunctata is saprobic on dead twig of Salix

Foodplant / nest
female of Andrena apicata provisions nest with pollen of Salix

Foodplant / nest
female of Andrena clarkella provisions nest with pollen of Salix

Foodplant / nest
female of Andrena ruficrus provisions nest with pollen of Salix

Foodplant / nest
female of Andrena vaga provisions nest with pollen of Salix

Plant / associate
adult of Aneurus avenius is associated with dead twig of Salix

Plant / associate
Anisoxya fuscula is associated with Salix

Plant / epiphyte
fruitbody of Antrodia albida grows on small, decorticated, fallen branch of Salix
Other: major host/prey

Plant / epiphyte
fruitbody of Antrodia macra grows on dead, decayed wood of Salix

Plant / epiphyte
fruitbody of Antrodia ramentacea grows on large, partially fallen and decorticated trunk of Salix

Plant / epiphyte
fruitbody of Antrodiella genistae grows on dead, decayed wood of Salix

Plant / epiphyte
fruitbody of Antrodiella romellii grows on decayed wood of Salix

Plant / epiphyte
fruitbody of Antrodiella semisupina grows on decayed wood of Salix

Plant / associate
Apion minimum is associated with Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
gregarious, almost superficial pycnidium of Aposphaeria coelomycetous anamorph of Aposphaeria pulviscula is saprobic on rotten stump of Salix
Remarks: season: 2-3

Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Apostemidium fiscellum var. fiscellum is saprobic on wet twig of Salix
Remarks: season: 4-8

Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Apostemidium fiscellum var. submersum is saprobic on wet twig of Salix
Remarks: season: 4-8

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Arge enodis grazes on leaf of Salix
Other: sole host/prey

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Arge fuscipes grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Arge ustulata grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / internal feeder
larva of Aromia moschata feeds within young, healthy wood of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
solitary or clustered apothecium of Ascocoryne cylichnium is saprobic on rotting wood of Salix
Remarks: season: 10-11
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / parasite
Asteroma coelomycetous anamorph of Asteroma salicis parasitises live leaf of Salix

Plant / resting place / on
puparium of Aulagromyza fulvicornis may be found on leaf of Salix

Plant / resting place / within
puparium of Aulagromyza tridentata may be found in leaf-mine of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Auricularia auricula-judae is saprobic on wood of Salix
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Auricularia mesenterica is saprobic on dead, decayed wood of Salix

Fungus / saprobe
sporodochium of Bactridium anamorph of Bactridium flavum is saprobic on wet, rotten stump of Salix
Remarks: season: 12-7
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Basidiodendron caesiocinereum is saprobic on decayed wood of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Basidiodendron eyrei is saprobic on dead, decayed wood of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Basidiodendron spinosum is saprobic on dead, decayed wood of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Basidioradulum radula is saprobic on old, dead, fallen trunk of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Bjerkandera fumosa is saprobic on decayed wood of Salix

Foodplant / feeds on
Blepharidopterus diaphanus feeds on Salix

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Bolbitius lacteus is associated with Salix

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Boletus calopus is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Boletus edulis is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Boletus luridiformis is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Boletus luridus is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Boletus porosporus is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Boletus ripariellus is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Acladium anamorph of Botryobasidium conspersum is saprobic on dead bark of Salix

Foodplant / false gall
stromatic pseudothecium of Botryosphaeria obtusa causes swelling of branch of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
sclerotium of Botryotinia fuckeliana is saprobic on dead leaf of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
effused fruitbody of Bulbillomyces farinosus is saprobic on sodden, decaying wood of Salix

Foodplant / feeds on
larva of Byctiscus betulae feeds on Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Byssomerulius corium is saprobic on fallen, decayed wood of Salix

Plant / associate
Calambus bipustulatus is associated with Salix

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Caliroa annulipes grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / open feeder
epiphyllous larva of Caliroa cerasi grazes on leaf of Salix
Remarks: season: 6-9

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Caliroa varipes grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Calocera pallidospathulata is saprobic on decayed wood of Salix
Remarks: season: 1-12

Foodplant / saprobe
basidiome of Candelabrochaete septocystidia is saprobic on decayed wood of Salix

Plant / associate
basidiome of Cantharellus tubaeformis is associated with Salix
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / parasite
pycnidium of Fumagospora coelomycetous anamorph of Capnodium salicinum parasitises live leaf of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
pseudothecium of Capronia moravica is saprobic on wet wood of Salix
Remarks: season: 3

Plant / associate
stroma of Capronia nigerrima is associated with fungus-infectd wood of Salix
Remarks: season: 9-4

Foodplant / sap sucker
large colony of Cavariella sucks sap of flower stem of Salix
Remarks: season: spring

Foodplant / sap sucker
large colony of Cavariella aegopodii sucks sap of flower stem of Salix
Remarks: season: spring

Foodplant / sap sucker
large colony of Cavariella pastinacae sucks sap of flower stem of Salix
Remarks: season: spring

Foodplant / saprobe
deeply immersed perithecium of Ceratosphaeria lampadophora is saprobic on very rotten wood of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
basidiome of Ceriporia purpurea is saprobic on large, decayed, fallen trunk of Salix
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
basidiome of Ceriporia viridans is saprobic on decayed wood of Salix
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
basidiome of Ceriporiopsis pannocincta is saprobic on decayed, soft white-rotted wood of Salix
Other: minor host/prey

Plant / associate
subiculate Oedemium dematiaceous anamorph of Chaetosphaerella fusca is associated with diatrypaceous fungus infested, fallen branch of Salix
Remarks: season: 9-2

Plant / associate
subiculate perithecium of Chaetosphaerella phaeostroma is associated with fungus infected, fallen branch of Salix
Remarks: season: 9-4

Foodplant / saprobe
colony of Menispora anamorphMenispora dematiaceous anamorph of Chaetosphaeria pulviscula is saprobic on dead, often rotten wood of Salix
Remarks: season: 10-4

Foodplant / saprobe
colony of Chalara dematiaceous anamorph of Chalara aurea is saprobic on dead leaf of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Chalara dematiaceous anamorph of Chalara hughesii is saprobic on fallen, dead leaf of Salix

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Chalciporus piperatus is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix

Plant / associate
Chilocorus renipustulatus is associated with Salix

Foodplant / sap sucker
Chionaspis salicis sucks sap of live stem of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
shortly-stalked apothecium of Chlorencoelia versiformis is saprobic on rotting wood of Salix
Remarks: season: 8-11

Foodplant / pathogen
basidiome of Chondrostereum purpureum infects and damages stump of Salix

Foodplant / open feeder
imago of Chrysomela populi grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / open feeder
imago of Chrysomela tremula grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Cimbex luteus grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Clonostachys anamorph of Clonostachys compactiuscula is saprobic on dead twig of Salix
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / open feeder
adult of Clytra laeviuscula grazes on live flower of Salix
Remarks: season: 5-8
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / sap sucker
adult of Compsidolon salicellus sucks sap of Salix
Remarks: season: (7)8-9(10)

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Coniophora arida is saprobic on decayed wood of Salix
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Coniophora prasinoides is saprobic on old, dead, half-buried twig of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Coprinopsis romagnesiana is saprobic on decayed stump of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Coronicium gemmiferum is saprobic on decayed wood of Salix

Foodplant / parasite
fruitbody of Corticium bombycinum parasitises wounded stem of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
Hyphelia anamorph of Corticium erikssonii is saprobic on decayed and often sodden wood of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Corticium roseum is saprobic on dead, decayed, often attached branch of Salix
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Cortinarius alboviolaceus is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Cortinarius aureomarginatus is ectomycorrhizal with live, wet root of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Cortinarius cinnamomeoluteus is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Cortinarius cinnamomeus is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Cortinarius decipiens var. decipiens is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Cortinarius hinnuleus is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Cortinarius malicorius is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Cortinarius olivaceofuscus is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Cortinarius parvannulatus is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Cortinarius safranopes is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Cortinarius saniosus is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Cortinarius simulatus is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Cortinarius trivialis is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Cortinarius tubarius is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Cortinarius uliginosus is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Cortinarius urbicus is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / internal feeder
Cossonus linearis feeds within under bark of Salix
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / internal feeder
Cossonus parallelepipedus feeds within dead wood of Salix
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / internal feeder
caterpillar of Cossus cossus feeds within live trunk of Salix

Foodplant / open feeder
imago of Crepidodera aurata grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / open feeder
imago of Crepidodera aurea grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / open feeder
imago of Crepidodera fulvicornis grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / open feeder
imago of Crepidodera nitidula grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / open feeder
imago of Crepidodera plutus grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Crepidotus subverrucisporus is saprobic on live, mossy bark of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
stalked apothecium of Crocicreas amenti is saprobic on decaying, dead, fallen catkin (female) of Salix
Remarks: season: 3-4

Foodplant / open feeder
gregarious larva of Croesus septentrionalis grazes on live leaf edge of Salix
Remarks: season: 5-
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Crustomyces expallens is saprobic on hard, barely decayed, corticate log (large) of Salix

Plant / resting place / on
adult of Cryptocephalus bilineatus may be found on Salix
Remarks: season: (5-)6-9

Foodplant / open feeder
adult of Cryptocephalus decemmaculatus grazes on leaf of Salix
Remarks: season: 5-8

Foodplant / mobile cased feeder
larva of Cryptocephalus exiguus grazes in mobile case on leaf of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Plant / resting place / on
adult of Cryptocephalus nitidulus may be found on Salix
Remarks: season: early 5-9

Plant / resting place / on
adult of Cryptocephalus parvulus may be found on Salix
Remarks: season: 4-9

Plant / resting place / on
adult of Cryptocephalus pusillus may be found on Salix
Remarks: season: 5-10

Foodplant / saprobe
sporodochium of Cryptocoryneum dematiaceous anamorph of Cryptocoryneum condensatum is saprobic on dead bark of Salix

Foodplant / false gall
Cryptodiaporthe salicella causes swelling of live stem of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
immersed, with separately erumpent ostioles perithecium of Cryptodiaporthe salicina is saprobic on dead twig of Salix
Remarks: season: 12-3

Foodplant / saprobe
embedded stroma of Cryptodiscus rhopaloides is saprobic on dead branch of Salix
Remarks: season: 6-11

Foodplant / internal feeder
larva of Cryptorhynchus lapathi feeds within stem of Salix

Foodplant / feeds on
Cryptosphaeria ocellata feeds on Salix

Plant / associate
Curculio salicivorus is associated with Salix

Foodplant / parasite
fruitbody of Cytidia salicina parasitises live branch of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
often astromatic, prominent, loculi in a circle pycnidium of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph of Cytospora fugax is saprobic on bark of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
loosely gregarious, erumpent stroma of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph of Cytospora salicis is saprobic on dead, often attached twig of Salix
Remarks: season: 1-8

Foodplant / saprobe
scattered, radially plurilocular or subplurilocular stroma of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph of Cytospora translucens is saprobic on twig of Salix
Remarks: season: Spring

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Dacrymyces enatus is saprobic on decayed wood of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
bracket of Daedaleopsis confragosa is saprobic on dead wood of Salix
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
superficial stroma of Daldinia concentrica is saprobic on Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / gall
larva of Dasineura marginemtorguens causes gall of leaf margin of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
bracket of Datronia mollis is saprobic on dying branch of Salix
Other: major host/prey

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Delicatula integrella is associated with gametophyte of Salix
Remarks: season: summer

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Haplographium dematiaceous anamorph of Dematioscypha dematiicola is saprobic on dead branch of Salix
Remarks: season: 1-12

Foodplant / saprobe
perithecium of Diaporthe eres is saprobic on wood of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
immersed, in groups of 3-10 pertithecium of Diaporthe tessella is saprobic on dead twig of Salix
Remarks: season: 12-2

Foodplant / saprobe
immersed, stromatic perithecium of Diatrype bullata is saprobic on dead branch of Salix
Remarks: season: 3-5

Foodplant / saprobe
stromatic, immersed perithecium of Diatrype stigma is saprobic on dead, decorticate or with bark rolling back branch of Salix
Remarks: season: 1-12

Foodplant / feeds on
Didymella salicis feeds on Salix

Foodplant / feeds on
pycnidium of Diplodia coelomycetous anamorph of Diplodia salicina feeds on Salix

Plant / resting place / within
imago of Dorcus parallelipipedus may be found in spongy wood of Salix

Plant / associate
Dorytomus hirtipennis is associated with Salix
Other: sole host/prey

Foodplant / internal feeder
larva of Dorytomus majalis feeds within catkin of Salix
Other: sole host/prey

Foodplant / internal feeder
larva of Dorytomus melanophthalmus feeds within catkin of Salix
Other: sole host/prey

Foodplant / internal feeder
larva of Dorytomus rufatus feeds within catkin of Salix
Other: sole host/prey

Foodplant / internal feeder
larva of Dorytomus salicinus feeds within catkin? of Salix

Foodplant / internal feeder
larva of Dorytomus taeniatus feeds within catkin of Salix
Other: sole host/prey

Foodplant / feeds on
thinly stromatic, crowded pycnidium of Dothiorella coelomycetous anamorph of Dothiorella pyrenophora var. salicis feeds on twig of Salix

Foodplant / pathogen
Marssonina coelomycetous anamorph of Drepanopeziza sphaeroides infects and damages live shoot of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
superficial or partly immersed apothecium of Durella atrocyanea is saprobic on mainly decorticate branch of Salix
Remarks: season: 12-2

Foodplant / saprobe
hypophyllous fruitbody of Efibulobasidium albescens is saprobic on fallen leaf of Salix

Plant / associate
Ellescus bipunctatus is associated with Salix

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Empria immersa grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
stroma of Encoelia fimbriata is saprobic on dead twig of Salix
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / pathogen
Entoleuca mammata infects and damages live stem of Salix

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Entoloma aethiops is associated with live Salix

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Entoloma caccabus is associated with Salix

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Entoloma caeruleopolitum is associated with live Salix

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Entoloma minutum is associated with Salix

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Entoloma plebejum is associated with Salix
Remarks: season: Spring
Other: major host/prey

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Entoloma politum is associated with Salix
Other: major host/prey

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Entoloma roseoalbum is associated with live, swampy Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / gall
Eriophyes iteina causes gall of leaf of Salix

Foodplant / gall
Eriophyes tetanothrix causes gall of leaf of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
stroma of Eutypa maura is saprobic on dead branch of Salix
Remarks: season: 3-4
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / gall
communal larva of Euura amerinae causes gall of twig of Salix

Foodplant / internal feeder
solitary larva of Euura atra feeds within stouter stem of Salix
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / gall
larva of Euura testaceipes causes gall of leaf (midrib) of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Exidia nucleata is saprobic on dead, fallen, usually decorticate wood of Salix
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Exidia plana is saprobic on dead, fallen wood of Salix
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Exidia recisa is saprobic on dead, attached twig of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Exidia thuretiana is saprobic on dead, fallen wood of Salix
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Exidiopsis calcea is saprobic on dead, decayed wood of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Exidiopsis galzinii is saprobic on dead, decayed wood of Salix
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
clustered, immersed, stromatic pseudothecium of Fenestella salicis is saprobic on dead, attached branch of Salix
Remarks: season: 2

Foodplant / saprobe
larva of Ferdinandea is saprobic on sap run of Salix

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Flammulaster granulosus is associated with Salix
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Flammulina velutipes var. velutipes is saprobic on dead wood of Salix
Remarks: season: mainly winter

Foodplant / pathogen
Fusicladium saliciperdum infects and damages live, cankered stem of Salix

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Galerina heimansii is associated with Salix

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Galerina permixta is associated with Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Galerina salicicola is saprobic on dead, fallen, wet, decayed wood of Salix

Foodplant / open feeder
imago of Galerucella lineola grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Galzinia pedicellata is saprobic on dead, decayed, wet, decorticate branch of Salix

Foodplant / parasite
fruitbody of Ganoderma applanatum parasitises live trunk of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Ganoderma lucidum is saprobic on dead stump of Salix
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
hysterothecium of Gloniopsis praelonga is saprobic on dead twig of Salix
Remarks: season: 1-12

Foodplant / feeds on
larva of Gnorimus nobilis feeds on Salix

Foodplant / open feeder
imago of Gonioctena decemnotata grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / open feeder
imago of Gonioctena viminalis grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Gymnopilus junonius is saprobic on decayed wood of Salix
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Hapalopilus nidulans is saprobic on dead, decayed wood of Salix
Other: minor host/prey

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Hebeloma atrobrunneum is associated with Salix
Other: major host/prey

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Hebeloma fusisporum is associated with Salix

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Hebeloma groegeri is associated with Salix

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Hebeloma helodes is associated with Salix
Other: minor host/prey

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Hebeloma hetieri is associated with Salix

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Hebeloma leucosarx is associated with Salix
Other: major host/prey

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Hebeloma pusillum is associated with Salix
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
Helicogloea farinacea is saprobic on dead, decayed wood of Salix
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
Helicogloea graminicola is saprobic on dead, fallen, decayed wood of Salix
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
Helicogloea lagerheimii is saprobic on dead, fallen, decayed wood of Salix
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / feeds on
Helminthosporium apiculatum feeds on Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Helminthosporium dematiaceous anamorph of Helminthosporium velutinum is saprobic on fallen, dead branch of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Hemimycena tortuosa is saprobic on decayed stick of Salix
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
pycnidium of Hendersonia coelomycetous anamorph of Hendersonia vagans is saprobic on dead Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
clustered, subiculate pseudothecium of Herpotrichia macrotricha is saprobic on fallen branch of Salix
Remarks: season: 10-4
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / miner
larva of Heterarthrus microcephalus mines leaf of Salix
Other: sole host/prey

Foodplant / gall
larva of Hexomyza simplicoides causes gall of twig cortex of Salix
Other: sole host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Hohenbuehelia fluxilis is saprobic on dead wood of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Hyalinia rubella is saprobic on dead branch (bark) of Salix
Remarks: season: 1-12

Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Hyalopeziza millepunctata is saprobic on dead twig of Salix
Remarks: season: 10-6

Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Hyaloscypha leuconica is saprobic on dead wood of Salix
Remarks: season: 1-12
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Hygrophoropsis fuscosquamula is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Hymenochaete rubiginosa is saprobic on dead wood of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / false gall
fruitbody of Hymenochaete tabacina causes swelling of live branch of Salix
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Hymenoscyphus albopunctus is saprobic on rotting leaf of Salix
Remarks: season: 10-11

Foodplant / saprobe
stalked apothecium of Hymenoscyphus calyculus is saprobic on dead branch of Salix
Remarks: season: 11-12

Foodplant / saprobe
stalked apothecium of Hymenoscyphus caudatus is saprobic on decaying petiole of Salix
Remarks: season: 6-12

Foodplant / saprobe
stalked apothecium of Hymenoscyphus imberbis is saprobic on dead, fallen twig of Salix
Remarks: season: 8-12

Foodplant / saprobe
short-stalked apothecium of Hymenoscyphus salicellus is saprobic on dead, freshly cut branch of Salix
Remarks: season: 8-10

Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Hymenoscyphus subferrugineus is saprobic on dead branch of Salix
Remarks: season: 10-12

Foodplant / saprobe
stalked apothecium of Hymenoscyphus vernus is saprobic on dead, fallen branch of Salix
Remarks: season: 2-9

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Hyphoderma medioburiense is saprobic on dead, decayed wood of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Hyphodontia crustosa is saprobic on dead, decayed wood of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Hyphodontia pruni is saprobic on dead, fallen, decayed wood of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Hyphodontia quercina is saprobic on dead, fallen, decayed wood of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Hyphodontia rimosissima is saprobic on dead, fallen, decayed wood of Salix

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Hypholoma ericaeoides is associated with Salix

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Hypholoma myosotis is associated with Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Hypochnicium bombycinum is saprobic on dead, fallen, decayed wood of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
superficial stroma of Hypocrea gelatinosa is saprobic on dead branch of Salix
Remarks: season: 6-12

Foodplant / saprobe
superficial stroma of Hypocreopsis lichenoides is saprobic on dead branch of Salix
Remarks: season: 5-9

Foodplant / saprobe
stroma of Hypoxylon macrocarpum is saprobic on dead, decorticate bough (large) of Salix
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse stroma of Hypoxylon multiforme is saprobic on dead, decorticate branch of Salix
Remarks: season: 10-4
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
stroma of Hypoxylon rubiginosum is saprobic on dead bark of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
widely effused stroma of Hypoxylon rubiginosum agg. is saprobic on dead branch of Salix
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
stroma of Hypoxylon subticinense is saprobic on dead bark of Salix
Remarks: season: 2-3

Foodplant / saprobe
superficial hysteriothecium of Hysterographium fraxini is saprobic on dead, decorticate wood of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
hysteriothecium of Hysterographium mori is saprobic on dead branch of Salix

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Inocybe acuta ssp. acuta is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Inocybe agardhii is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Inocybe calospora is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Inocybe dulcamara is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Inocybe fuscomarginata is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Inocybe obscurobadia is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Inocybe salicis is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Inocybe squamata is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Inocybe squarrosa is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Inocybe subcarpta is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Inonotus cuticularis is saprobic on live trunk of Salix
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Inonotus radiatus is saprobic on dead, standing trunk of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain
Other: unusual host/prey

Plant / associate
Isochnus foliorum is associated with Salix

Foodplant / gall
immersed larva of Iteomyia capreae causes gall of leaf of Salix

Foodplant / gall
solitary larva of Iteomyia major causes gall of live leaf of Salix

Foodplant / internal feeder
larva of Janus luteipes feeds within young shoot of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Junghuhnia lacera is saprobic on decayed, dead litter of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Junghuhnia nitida is saprobic on decayed, dead wood of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
caespitose fruitbody of Kuehneromyces mutabilis is saprobic on decayed, dead stump (large) of Salix
Other: minor host/prey

Plant / resting place / on
adult of Labidostomis tridentata may be found on live leaf of Salix
Remarks: season: 5-7

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Laccaria pumila is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Laccaria purpureobadia is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Laccaria tortilis is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / saprobe
short-stalked apothecium of Lachnum cerinum is saprobic on usually decorticate wood of Salix
Remarks: season: 3-9

Foodplant / saprobe
sessile apothecium of Lachnum deflexum is saprobic on dead, fallen leaf of Salix
Remarks: season: 11-12

Foodplant / saprobe
stalked apothecium of Lachnum papyraceum is saprobic on decorticate branch of Salix
Remarks: season: 10-11

Foodplant / saprobe
long slender stalked apothecium of Lachnum pygmaeum is saprobic on fallen twig of Salix
Remarks: season: 4-10

Foodplant / saprobe
long stalked apothecium of Lachnum virgineum is saprobic on dead debris of Salix
Remarks: season: 2-10

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Lactarius aspideus is ectomycorrhizal with root of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Lactarius controversus is ectomycorrhizal with root of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Lactarius cyathuliformis is ectomycorrhizal with root of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Lactarius lacunarum is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Lactarius uvidus is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / internal feeder
larva of Lamia textor feeds within decaying wood (esp near roots) of Salix
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
superficial perithecium of Lasiosphaeria canescens is saprobic on rotten wood of Salix
Remarks: season: 11-6

Foodplant / saprobe
superficial, gregarious perithecium of Lasiosphaeria caudata is saprobic on dead branch of Salix
Remarks: season: 7-8

Foodplant / saprobe
superficial perithecium of Lasiosphaeria hirsuta is saprobic on old wood of Salix
Remarks: season: 9-4

Foodplant / saprobe
superficial perithecium of Lasiosphaeria ovina is saprobic on Armillaria mellea-decayed wood of Salix
Remarks: season: 9-4

Foodplant / saprobe
superficial perithecium of Lasiosphaeria phyllophila is saprobic on debris of Salix
Remarks: season: 11-4

Foodplant / saprobe
superficial, closely packed in large clusters perithecium of Lasiosphaeria spermoides is saprobic on rotting wood of Salix
Remarks: season: 11-4

Foodplant / parasite
underground rhizome of Lathraea clandestina parasitises root of Salix
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Lentinellus ursinus is saprobic on dead stump (large) of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
clustered fruitbody of Lentinus tigrinus is saprobic on dead, partly submerged wood of Salix
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Lepiota cingulum is saprobic on soil of tree of Salix
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / false gall
Leptosphaeria coniothyrium causes swelling of live stem of Salix
Other: unusual host/prey

Foodplant / feeds on
Lepyrus capucinus feeds on root? of Salix

Foodplant / pathogen
Leucostoma niveum infects and damages live branch of Salix

Foodplant / false gall
Leucostoma persoonii causes swelling of live stem of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
thyriothecium of Lichenopeltella nigroannulata is saprobic on overwintered, dead leaf of Salix
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / open feeder
imago of Lochmaea caprea grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
usually immersed pseudothecium of Lophiostoma compressum is saprobic on decorticate wood of Salix
Remarks: season: 10-2

Foodplant / saprobe
immersed pseudothecium of Lophiostoma nucula is saprobic on wood of Salix
Remarks: season: 4-7

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Luellia cystidiata is saprobic on dead, decayed wood of Salix
Other: unusual host/prey

Foodplant / open feeder
imago of Luperus flavipes grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / open feeder
imago of Luperus longicornis grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / web feeder
communal caterpillar of Malacosoma neustria feeds from web on live leaf of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Marasmiellus vaillantii is saprobic on dead, fallen twig of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Marasmius minutus is saprobic on dead, fallen, decaying leaf of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Marasmius setosus is saprobic on dead, fallen, decayed petiole of Salix
Other: unusual host/prey

Plant / resting place / on
larva of Megathrips nobilis may be found on dead branch of Salix
Remarks: season: 8-9

Foodplant / parasite
telium of Melampsora epitea var. epitea parasitises live Salix
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Sporoschisma dematiaceous anamorph of Melanochaeta aotearoae is saprobic on rotten wood of Salix

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Melanoleuca turrita is associated with Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
superficial, often in very large clusters pseudothecium of Melanomma pulvis-pyrius is saprobic on dry, hard, decorticate branch wood of Salix
Remarks: season: 9-5

Foodplant / saprobe
cyphelloid basidiocarp of Merismodes fasciculata is saprobic on dead, attached twig of Salix

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Merismodes ferruginea is associated with mossy, live bark (branch) of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
superficial mycelium of Microthyrium ciliatum var. hederae is saprobic on dead leaf of Salix
Remarks: season: 9-5

Foodplant / saprobe
sessile apothecium of Mollisia aquosa is saprobic on rotten log underside of Salix
Remarks: season: 8-1

Foodplant / saprobe
sessile, densely clustered, erumpent apothecium of Mollisia caespiticia is saprobic on dead, corticate branch of Salix
Remarks: season: 9-4

Foodplant / saprobe
sessile apothecium of Mollisia cinerea is saprobic on dead wood of Salix
Remarks: season: 1-12

Foodplant / saprobe
sessile apothecium of Mollisia discolor var. longispora is saprobic on branch of Salix
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
sessile apothecium of Mollisia ligni is saprobic on dead branch of Salix
Remarks: season: 1-12

Foodplant / saprobe
sessile apothecium of Mollisina rubi is saprobic on leaf-litter of Salix
Remarks: season: 1-12

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Monosoma pulverata grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
larva of Myathropa florea is saprobic on rot hole of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Mycena pseudocorticola is saprobic on live bark of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Mycoacia fuscoatra is saprobic on dead, fallen, decayed, esp. wet wood of Salix
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Mycoaciella bispora is saprobic on dead, fallen, decayed wood of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
Mycosphaerella capronii is saprobic on dead leaf of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
hypophyllous, immersed pseudothecia of Mycosphaerella punctiformis is saprobic on overwintered, fallen leaf of Salix
Remarks: season: 4-5

Plant / resting place / on
larva of Mycterothrips salicis may be found on live leaf of Salix
Remarks: season: 8

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Naucoria bohemica is associated with Salix
Other: major host/prey

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Naucoria clavuligeroides is associated with Salix

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Naucoria salicetorum is associated with Salix

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Naucoria salicis is associated with Salix
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
sporodochium of Tubercularia anamorph of Nectria cinnabarina is saprobic on dead branch of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
stroma of Nectria citrinoaurantia is saprobic on dead twig of Salix
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
erumpent stroma of Nectria coccinea is saprobic on dead branch of Salix
Remarks: season: 9-5

Foodplant / saprobe
erumpent stroma of Nectria coryli is saprobic on dead twig of Salix
Remarks: season: 1-8
Other: major host/prey

Plant / associate
perithecium of Nectria episphaeria is associated with pyrenomycete infection Salix
Remarks: season: 3-5

Foodplant / saprobe
synnema of Fusarium anamorph of Nectria flavoviridis is saprobic on dead branch of Salix
Remarks: season: 2-5

Foodplant / saprobe
perithecium of Nectria galligena is saprobic on Salix
Remarks: season: 1-12
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
perithecium of Nectria peziza is saprobic on dead, often rotten stump of Salix
Remarks: season: 8-12

Foodplant / saprobe
perithecium of Nectria veuillotiana is saprobic on dead branch of Salix
Remarks: season: 10-3

Foodplant / saprobe
perithecium of Nectria viridescens is saprobic on bark of Salix
Remarks: season: 9-5

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Geniculosporium dematiaceous anamorph of Nemania serpens is saprobic on dead branch of Salix

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Nematus bergmanni grazes on leaf of Salix
Other: sole host/prey

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Nematus bipartitus grazes on underside of rolled leaf of Salix

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Nematus coeruleocarpus grazes on leaf of Salix
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Nematus crassus grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Nematus ferrugineus grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Nematus flavescens grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Nematus frenalis grazes on leaf of Salix
Other: sole host/prey

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Nematus hypoxanthus grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Nematus jugicola grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / open feeder
gregarious larva of Nematus melanaspis grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Nematus melanocephalus grazes on leaf of Salix
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / open feeder
gregarious larva of Nematus miliaris grazes on leaf of Salix
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Nematus nigricornis grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Nematus oligospilus grazes on leaf of Salix
Other: sole host/prey

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Nematus pavidus grazes on leaf of Salix
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Nematus salicis grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Nematus stichi grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Neobulgaria lilacina is saprobic on cut end of stump of Salix
Remarks: season: 10-5

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Nodotia lyndoniae is saprobic on dead wood of Salix

Foodplant / internal feeder
larva of Oberea oculata feeds within live pith (young stem) of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Oliveonia citrispora is saprobic on dead, attached twig of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
erumpent sporodochium of Oramasia dematiaceous anamorph of Oramasia hirsuta is saprobic on dead bark of Salix
Remarks: season: 12-1

Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Orbilia alnea is saprobic on dead branch of Salix
Remarks: season: 1-12

Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Orbilia coccinella is saprobic on rotten wood of Salix
Remarks: season: 9-10

Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Orbilia comma is saprobic on dead wood of Salix
Remarks: season: 9-3

Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Orbilia cruenta is saprobic on dead wood of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Orbilia curvatispora is saprobic on fallen branch of Salix
Remarks: season: 1-12

Foodplant / saprobe
narrowly stalked apothecium of Orbilia cyathea is saprobic on dead wood of Salix
Remarks: season: 8-10

Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Orbilia luteorubella is saprobic on rotten wood of Salix
Remarks: season: 4-9

Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Orbilia sarraziniana is saprobic on wet bark of Salix
Remarks: season: 5-11

Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Orbilia xanthostigma is saprobic on bark of Salix
Remarks: season: 1-12

Foodplant / feeds on
Orthotylus marginalis feeds on Salix

Foodplant / sap sucker
Orthotylus nassatus sucks sap of Salix
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
Diplodia coelomycetous anamorph of Otthia spiraeae is saprobic on dead branch of Salix
Remarks: season: 11-4

Plant / resting place / on
adult of Oulema obscura may be found on Salix
Remarks: season: 7-

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Oxyporus obducens is saprobic on dead, decayed wood of Salix

Foodplant / parasite
fruitbody of Oxyporus populinus parasitises live wood of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Pachyella babingtonii is saprobic on rotten, immersed branch of Salix
Remarks: season: 5-11
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Pachynematus vagus grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
imbricate or clustered fruitbody of Panellus serotinus is saprobic on dead, fallen, decayed branch (large) of Salix
Remarks: season: mainly late 11-2

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Panus conchatus is saprobic on dead, fallen, decayed branch (large) of Salix

Plant / associate
larva of Parasyrphus nigritarsis is associated with Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
subiculate apothecium of Patinellaria sanguinea is saprobic on decorticate wood of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Paullicorticium delicatissimum is saprobic on dead, decayed wood of Salix
Other: unusual host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Peniophora polygonia is saprobic on dead wood of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Peniophora rufomarginata is saprobic on dead, attached branch of Salix
Other: unusual host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Peniophora violaceolivida is saprobic on dead bark of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Perenniporia fraxinea is saprobic on live trunk (base) of Salix
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Perenniporia medulla-panis is saprobic on dead, decayed wood of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Perrotia flammea is saprobic on dead twig of Salix
Remarks: season: 8-9

Foodplant / saprobe
erumpent, usually clustered apothecium of Pezicula cinnamomea is saprobic on wood of Salix
Remarks: season: 9-1

Foodplant / saprobe
immersed, exposed by bursting the bark apothecium of Pezicula ocellata is saprobic on dead branch of Salix
Remarks: season: 3-5

Foodplant / saprobe
sessile to short-stalked, emerging through cracks apothecium of Peziza micropus is saprobic on rotten wood of Salix
Remarks: season: 9-11

Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Peziza repanda is saprobic on log of Salix
Remarks: season: 10-5

Foodplant / saprobe
stalked apothecium of Pezizella parilis is saprobic on dead twig of Salix
Remarks: season: (5)9-11(1)

Foodplant / saprobe
erumpent, clustered, short-stalked apothecium of Pezizella vulgaris is saprobic on dead twig of Salix
Remarks: season: 7-12

Plant / grows among
apothecium of Pezoloma ciliifera grows among root of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
sessile apothecium of Phaeangella ventosa is saprobic on rotten wood of Salix
Remarks: season: 3-5

Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Phaeohelotium flexuosum is saprobic on rotten wood of Salix
Remarks: season: 10-7

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Phaeomarasmius erinaceus is saprobic on dead, attached branch (small) of Salix
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
colony of Phaeostalagmus dematiaceous anamorph of Phaeostalagmus cyclosporus is saprobic on fallen, dead branch of Salix
Remarks: season: 1-12

Foodplant / open feeder
caterpillar of Phalera bucephala grazes on live leaf of Salix
Remarks: season: 8-9

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Phanerochaete sordida is saprobic on dead, decayed wood of Salix
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Phanerochaete tuberculata is saprobic on dead, decayed wood of Salix
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / parasite
fruitbody of Phellinus conchatus parasitises live, old trunk of Salix
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Phellinus ferruginosus is saprobic on dead wood of Salix
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / parasite
fruitbody of Phellinus igniarius parasitises live trunk of Salix
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / parasite
fruitbody of Phellinus nigricans parasitises live trunk of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Phlebia griseoflavescens is saprobic on dead wood of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Phlebia subochracea is saprobic on dead, decayed, often sodden wood of Salix
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Phlebiella tulasnelloidea is saprobic on dead, decayed wood of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Phlebiopsis ravenelii is saprobic on dead, decayed wood of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
stalked, clustered basidiocarp of Phleogena faginea is saprobic on dead, fallen trunk of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Pholiota alnicola var. alnicola is saprobic on dead, fallen, decayed wood of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Pholiota alnicola var. salicicola is saprobic on dead, fallen, decayed wood of Salix
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Pholiota aurivella is saprobic on live branch (upper) of Salix

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Pholiota conissans is associated with Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Pholiota heteroclita is saprobic on dead, decayed wood of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Pholiota populnea is saprobic on dead log (large, sawn) of Salix
Remarks: season: autumn
Other: unusual host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Pholiota squarrosa is saprobic on relatively freshly cut, white rotted stump of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
rather densely gregarious, subepidermal, emergent pycnidium of Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph of Phomopsis salicina is saprobic on dead branch of Salix
Remarks: season: 10-5

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Phragmocephala dematiaceous anamorph of Phragmocephala elliptica is saprobic on dead branch of Salix
Remarks: season: 4-10

Foodplant / saprobe
conidioma of Phragmotrichum coelomycetous anamorph of Phragmotrichum rivoclarinum is saprobic on twig of Salix

Foodplant / open feeder
imago of Phratora polaris grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / open feeder
imago of Phratora vitellinae grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / open feeder
imago of Phratora vulgatissima grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / parasite
hypophyllous Phyllactinia guttata parasitises live leaf of Salix

Foodplant / feeds on
Phyllobius argentatus feeds on Salix

Foodplant / feeds on
Phyllobius glaucus feeds on Salix

Foodplant / feeds on
Phyllobius oblongus feeds on Salix

Foodplant / feeds on
Phyllobius pyri feeds on Salix
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Phyllotopsis nidulans is saprobic on dead, fallen, decayed trunk (large) of Salix
Other: unusual host/prey

Foodplant / internal feeder
larva of Phytobia cambii feeds within stem (cambium) of Salix

Foodplant / pathogen
Phytophthora gonapodyoides infects and damages rotten seedling of Salix

Foodplant / gall
Phytoplasma (ined) causes gall of catkin of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / saprobe
scattered, stalked apothecium of Pilatia foliorum is saprobic on leaf-litter of Salix

Foodplant / open feeder
imago of Plagiodera versicolora grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / internal feeder
larva of Platystomos albinus feeds within decaying wood of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Plectania melastoma is saprobic on dead, half-buried stem of Salix
Remarks: season: 1-6,12

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Pleurotheciopsis dematiaceous anamorph of Pleurotheciopsis bramleyi is saprobic on fallen branch of Salix
Remarks: season: 1-12

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Pleurotus dryinus is saprobic on live, standing trunk of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Pluteus leoninus is saprobic on very decayed wood of Salix
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Pluteus petasatus is saprobic on dead, decayed stump (large) of Salix
Other: unusual host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Pluteus phlebophorus is saprobic on dead, fallen, very decayed trunk (large) of Salix
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Pluteus salicinus is saprobic on dead, decayed wood of Salix
Other: unusual host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Pluteus thomsonii is saprobic on dead, decayed, often part buried wood of Salix
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
superficial apothecium of Poetschia cratincola is saprobic on decorticate wood of Salix

Foodplant / feeds on
Polydrusus cervinus feeds on Salix

Foodplant / feeds on
Polydrusus flavipes feeds on Salix

Foodplant / feeds on
Polydrusus pterygomalis feeds on Salix

Foodplant / feeds on
Polydrusus splendidus feeds on Salix

Foodplant / feeds on
Polydrusus tereticollis feeds on Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Polyporus ciliatus is saprobic on dead, decayed wood of Salix
Remarks: season: summer
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Polyporus durus is saprobic on dead, fallen, very decayed trunk (large) of Salix
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Polyporus leptocephalus is saprobic on dead, decayed stump (large) of Salix
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Polyporus tuberaster is saprobic on dead, fallen branch of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Polyscytalum dematiaceous anamorph of Polyscytalum fecundissimum is saprobic on rotting leaf of Salix

Foodplant / gall
larva of Pontania proxima causes gall of live leaf of Salix
Other: sole host/prey

Foodplant / gall
larva of Pontania vesicator causes gall of leaf of Salix
Other: sole host/prey

Foodplant / gall
larva of Pontania viminalis causes gall of leaf of Salix
Other: sole host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Postia subcaesia is saprobic on dead, fallen, decayed stick of Salix
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Pristiphora confusa grazes on leaf of Salix
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Pristiphora fulvipes grazes on leaf of Salix
Other: sole host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
immersed, exposed by peeling back or shedding of host periderm apothecium of Propolis farinosa is saprobic on dead branch of Salix
Remarks: season: 1-12 (best condition: 2-3)

Foodplant / sap sucker
nymph of Psallus ambiguus sucks sap of Salix
Remarks: season: 5

Foodplant / feeds on
imago of Psallus haematodes feeds on Salix
Remarks: season: (7)8-9

Foodplant / sap sucker
adult of Psallus variabilis sucks sap of Salix
Remarks: season: 6-7

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Pseudospiropes dematiaceous anamorph of Pseudospiropes subuliferus is saprobic on dead bark of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Pterula multifida is saprobic on fallen, dead, damp, decayed catkin of Salix

Foodplant / sap sucker
Pulvinaria vitis sucks sap of live stem of Salix
Remarks: season: 5-6

Foodplant / gall
larva of Rabdophaga heterobia causes gall of leaf of Salix

Foodplant / gall
larva of Rabdophaga rosaria causes gall of stem of Salix

Foodplant / gall
larva of Rabdophaga salicis causes gall of stem of Salix

Foodplant / feeds on
Ramphus pulicaris feeds on Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Resupinatus applicatus is saprobic on dead, decayed wood of Salix
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Resupinatus trichotis is saprobic on dead, attached branch (small) of Salix
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / feeds on
subepidermal, raising pycnidium of Rhabdospora coelomycetous anamorph of Rhabdospora salicella feeds on branch of Salix

Foodplant / open feeder
nocturnal larva of Rhogogaster chlorosoma grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / open feeder
nocturnal larva of Rhogogaster punctulata grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / feeds on
Rhynchaenus populi feeds on Salix

Foodplant / internal feeder
larva of Rhynchites germanicus feeds within decaying stem? of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / internal feeder
larva of Rhynchites longiceps feeds within bud (vegetative) of Salix

Foodplant / internal feeder
larva of Rhynchites nanus feeds within bud (vegetative) of Salix

Foodplant / internal feeder
larva of Rhynchites tomentosus feeds within bud (vegetative) of Salix

Foodplant / parasite
amphigenous stroma of Rhytisma umbonatum parasitises live leaf of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Rigidoporus undatus is saprobic on dead, sodden, decayed wood of Salix
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
colony of Geniculosporium dematiaceous anamorph of Rosellinia aquila is saprobic on dead branch of Salix
Remarks: season: 2-5

Foodplant / saprobe
grouped, thinly subiculate perithecium of Rosellinia necatrix is saprobic on white, rotting root of Salix

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Russula aquosa is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Russula atrorubens is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Russula laccata is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Russula maculata is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Russula versicolor is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain
Other: minor host/prey

Plant / associate
adult of Salicarus roseri is associated with Salix
Remarks: season: mid 6-8

Foodplant / open feeder
imago of Saperda carcharias grazes on live leaf of young of Salix

Foodplant / gall
larva of Saperda populnea causes gall of stem of Salix

Foodplant / internal feeder
larva of Saperda scalaris feeds within recently dead sapwood (outer) of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
sometimes stalked apothecium of Sarcoscypha coccinea agg. is saprobic on fallen branch of Salix
Remarks: season: 1-3

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Scopuloides hydnoides is saprobic on dead, wet, decayed wood of Salix
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Scutellinia scutellata is saprobic on dead, rotten, wet wood of Salix
Remarks: season: 5-11
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Scytinostroma portentosum is saprobic on dead bark of Salix
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / feeds on
Selatosomus nigricornis feeds on Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
Septomyxa salicis is saprobic on Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / spot causer
epiphyllous, scattered, punctiform, black, shining pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph of Septoria salicicola causes spots on live leaf of Salix
Remarks: season: autumn

Foodplant / saprobe
sporodochium of Septotrullula dematiaceous anamorph of Septotrullula bacilligera is saprobic on dead branch (bark) of Salix
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Serendipita evanescens is saprobic on dead, fallen, decayed wood of Salix
Other: unusual host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Serpula himantioides is saprobic on dead, decayed wood of Salix
Other: unusual host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Seticyphella tenuispora is saprobic on dead, fallen, decayed leaf of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Simocybe centunculus var. centunculus is saprobic on dead, fallen, decayed log (large) of Salix

Plant / resting place / within
ovum of Sinodendron cylindricum may be found in sawdust-packed tunnel in dead wood of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Sistotrema sernanderi is saprobic on dead, decayed wood of Salix
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Sistotremella perpusilla is saprobic on dead, decayed wood of Salix
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Skeletocutis nivea is saprobic on dead, fallen, decayed stick of Salix
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / open feeder
adult of Smaragdina affinis grazes on leaf? of Salix
Remarks: season: 5-6

Foodplant / open feeder
caterpillar of Smerinthus ocellata grazes on live leaf of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Sporidesmium dematiaceous anamorph of Sporidesmium folliculatum is saprobic on fallen branch of Salix
Remarks: season: 3-11

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Sporidesmium dematiaceous anamorph of Sporidesmium goidanichii is saprobic on dead branch of Salix

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Stauronematus compressicornis grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / internal feeder
underground larva of Stenocorus meridianus feeds within dead root of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Stereum subtomentosum is saprobic on dead, fallen branch (large) of Salix
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Pseudospiropes dematiaceous anamorph of Strossmayeria atriseda is saprobic on dead bark of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Pseudospiropes dematiaceous anamorph of Strossmayeria basitricha is saprobic on dead branch of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Stypella crystallina is saprobic on dead, decayed wood of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Stypella dubia is saprobic on dead, decayed wood of Salix
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Stypella legonii is saprobic on dead, soft, decayed branch of Salix
Other: minor host/prey

Plant / associate
Tachyerges pseudostigma is associated with Salix

Plant / associate
Tachyerges salicis is associated with Salix

Plant / associate
Tachyerges stigma is associated with Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse or pulvinate colony of Taeniolella dematiaceous anamorph of Taeniolella stilbospora is saprobic on purple-stained branch of Salix
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
extensively subiculate apothecium of Tapesia fusca is saprobic on dead, fallen branch of Salix
Remarks: season: 1-12
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / open feeder
nocturnal larva of Tenthredo colon grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / open feeder
nocturnal larva of Tenthredo ferruginea grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / open feeder
nocturnal larva of Tenthredo livida grazes on leaf of Salix

Plant / resting place / within
larva of Thrips viminalis may be found in live leaf bud of Salix
Remarks: season: 7-8

Plant / resting place / on
fruitbody of Tomentella punicea may be found on dead, decayed wood of Salix
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Trametes gibbosa is saprobic on dead, decayed stump (large) of Salix
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Trametes hirsuta is saprobic on dead, fallen branch of Salix
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Trametes pubescens is saprobic on dead wood of Salix
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / parasite
fruitbody of Trametes suaveolens parasitises live trunk of Salix
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
sessile apothecium of Tricharina ascophanoides is saprobic on dead, rotten wood of Salix

Foodplant / open feeder
gregarious larva of Trichiocampus viminalis grazes on leaf of Salix
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Trichiosoma latreillei grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Trichiosoma lucorum grazes on leaf of Salix

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Trichiosoma vitellinae grazes on leaf of Salix
Other: sole host/prey

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Tricholoma cingulatum is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / saprobe
stromatic, sometimes confluent sporodochium of Trimmatostroma dematiaceous anamorph of Trimmatostroma betulinum is saprobic on fallen branch of Salix
Remarks: season: 2-5

Foodplant / saprobe
pulvinate sporodochium of Trimmatostroma dematiaceous anamorph of Trimmatostroma salicis is saprobic on dead twig of Salix

Foodplant / internal feeder
larva of Trypophloeus asperatus feeds within cambium of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Tubaria albostipitata is saprobic on litter of Salix

Foodplant / sap sucker
Tuberolachnus salignus sucks sap of branch of Salix
Remarks: season: late 6-autumn

Foodplant / saprobe
Tubulicrinis glebulosus is saprobic on dead, decayed wood of Salix
Other: unusual host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
Tubulicrinis subulatus is saprobic on dead, decayed wood of Salix
Other: unusual host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
basidiome of Tulasnella falcifera is saprobic on dead, decayed wood of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
basidiome of Tulasnella interrogans is saprobic on dead, decayed wood of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
basidiome of Tulasnella pallida is saprobic on dead, decayed wood of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Typhula setipes is saprobic on damp, dead, decayed leaf of Salix

Foodplant / parasite
cleistothecium of Uncinula adunca parasitises live leaf of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Unguiculella foliicola is saprobic on dead, fallen leaf of Salix
Remarks: season: 6-12

Foodplant / feeds on
Valsa abrupta feeds on Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
subgregarious to densely scattered, covered then erumpent, blackish grey with paler roundish flat disc stroma of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph of Valsa ambiens is saprobic on twig of Salix
Remarks: season: 10-5

Foodplant / saprobe
immersed, in groups of about 10 perithecium of Valsa ceratosperma is saprobic on branch of Salix
Remarks: season: 11-3

Foodplant / saprobe
immersed, stromatic, in group of 3 to 8 perithecium of Valsa cypri is saprobic on dead branch (cortex) of Salix

Foodplant / pathogen
Valsa sordida infects and damages branch of Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / saprobe
Valsaria anserina is saprobic on Salix
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / saprobe
subepidermal stroma of Valsella salicis is saprobic on dead twig of Salix
Remarks: season: 12-2

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Veronaea dematiaceous anamorph of Veronaea parvispora is saprobic on dead wood of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Vibrissea guernisacii is saprobic on wet twig of Salix
Remarks: season: 4-8

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Vuilleminia comedens is saprobic on dead, decorticate, attached branch of Salix
Other: unusual host/prey

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Xerocomellus engelii is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix

Foodplant / internal feeder
larva of Xestobium rufovillosum feeds within wood of Salix

Foodplant / internal feeder
larva of Xiphydria prolongata feeds within wood of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
thread-like stroma of Xylaria filiformis is saprobic on rotting leaf of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
erect stroma of Xylaria hypoxylon is saprobic on old stump of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
colony of Xylohypha dematiaceous anamorph of Xylohypha ferruginosa is saprobic on wood of Salix

Foodplant / saprobe
colony of Xylohypha dematiaceous anamorph of Xylohypha nigrescens is saprobic on wood of Salix

Foodplant / miner
larva of Zeugophora subspinosa mines leaf of sapling of Salix
Remarks: season: early 6-mid 7

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Species: 2
Species With Barcodes: 1

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Species: 2
Species With Barcodes: 1

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Species: 2
Species With Barcodes: 1

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Species: 2
Species With Barcodes: 1

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Species: 2
Species With Barcodes: 1

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 20
Species: 20
Species With Barcodes: 1