This species is presumably endemic to Roatán Island, Honduras (Woods and Kilpatrick 2005). There are peccary populations on several other nearby islands that are thought to be transplants, however, it is not known which species they represent (Emmons pers. comm.).

Dasyprocta ruatanica is endemic to Roatán Island, which is approximately 48 kilometers off the coast of Honduras. A population occurs on Fantasy Island, which is about 30 meters off the middle south shore of Roatán Island. Roatán Island is a fault block, so it is unlikely that this species populated the island via land bridge. The original human inhabitants of the island, Payans, used agoutis as a food source, so this species was probably either there before the natives or brought with them.

Biogeographic Regions: neotropical (Native )

Other Geographic Terms: island endemic

Roatán Island agoutis, as well as other agoutis, look like large, long-legged guinea pigs. The head and body of an adult can be from 32 to 64 cm (12.6 to 25.2 in) long and weight between 0.6 and 4 kg (1.3 to 8.8 lb). They are smaller than closely related Central American agoutis (Dasyprocta punctata). The ears are naked and the tail is very short. Agoutis have 5 toes on their front feet and 3 on the hind feet. They have a digitigrade foot posture. The fur is orange-brown and hairs are annulated to the root. The ventral surface is like the back, but slightly more olive-colored. There is a white spot on the chin and a yellow patch in the middle of the belly. The body color darkens along the limbs to a dark brown color on the feet.

Range mass: 0.6 to 4 kg.

Range length: 32 to 64 cm.

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry

Sexual Dimorphism: sexes alike

Habitat and Ecology

Systems

• Terrestrial

Dasyprocta ruatanica is found in brushy, tropical scrub forests. Because of human development, most of the scrub forest that still exists on Roatán Island is on mountains. The highest point on Roatán Island is about 274 meters (900 feet) above sea level. On Fantasy Island, D. ruatanica is common on a tree-covered hill. Among the tree species present are Casuarina equisetifolia, Cocos nucifera, Pentaclethra, Swietenia, and Thrinax. Dasyprocta ruatanica utilizes patches of bamboo for sleeping. On Fantasy Island, D. ruatanica can also be found using the space under hotel buildings.

Range elevation: 0 to 274 m.

Habitat Regions: tropical ; terrestrial

Terrestrial Biomes: forest ; scrub forest

Roatan Island agoutis are mostly frugivorous. Foods on Fantasy island include coconuts (Cocos nucifera), hibiscus flowers, almonds (Terminalia sp.) and Pentaclethre pods. They have also been observed feeding on rice, oranges, and corn kernels intended for domestic fowl. Like other agouti species, they dig holes for caching food.

Plant Foods: seeds, grains, and nuts; fruit; flowers

Foraging Behavior: stores or caches food

Primary Diet: herbivore (Frugivore )

Agoutis in general seem to be important in the dispersal of plant seeds through the habit of scatterhoarding, which is the practice of caching food in scattered ground surface caches.

Ecosystem Impact: disperses seeds

On Fantasy Island there are no native carnivores. On Roatán Island humans are known to hunt agoutis for food. Unlike Central American agoutis, Roatán Island agoutis have not been observed digging burrows. Smythe (1983) suggested that in Central American agoutis, holes were dug as a method of predator avoidance. Lack of holes suggests that there are no natural predators for Roatán Island agoutis. However, these agoutis do raise their rump hairs when fleeing a threat, which may be a defense against being bitten by predators or conspecifics.

Anti-predator Adaptations: cryptic

One social interactive behavior that has been observed in Roatán Island agoutis is muzzling. Another is fleeing with rump hairs erected, which is classified as a conflict behavior. Odor, thumping, and vocalizations are also important forms of communication in Central American agoutis, which can reasonably be inferred as important to D. ruatanica as well.

Communication Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

Other Communication Modes: scent marks

Perception Channels: visual ; acoustic

The only lifespan information available for Dasyprocta ruatanica is that individuals have reached the age of 13.7 years in captivity.

Range lifespan

Status: captivity: 13.7 (high) years.

Maximum longevity: 13.7 years (captivity)

Little is known about the mating in Roatán Island agoutis. Central American agoutis (Dasyprocta punctata) form monogamous pair bonds and can breed year round.

Not much is known about reproduction in Roatán Island agoutis specifically. Some information may be inferred from their close relatives, Central American agoutis. Central American agoutis reach reproductive age at about 6 months old, but this can vary based on food availability and body size. Gestation is about 3.5 months long at which time 1 to 2 young are born.

Breeding interval: Roatan Island agoutis can breed year round.

Range number of offspring: 1 to 2.

Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; year-round breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); viviparous ; post-partum estrous

Little is known about the extent of parental investment in Roatán Island agoutis. Juveniles of about two-thirds of the mother’s size have been observed participating in leading/following behaviors with the mother. At this size, mothers tend to back away when offspring try to nurse. In Cental American agoutis and other agouti species, females usually raise one or two precocial young. They can be observed grooming and bringing food to their young. For about the first two weeks the offspring stay in a small burrow while the mother goes foraging. However, Roatán Island agoutis have not been observed digging or using burrows.

Parental Investment: precocial ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-independence (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female)

Year Assessed

Assessor/s

Reviewer/s

Contributor/s

Roatán Island agoutis are classified as Endangered by IUCN due to its small range, ongoing habitat loss, habitat degradation, and hunting. Roatán Island agoutis occur in two protected areas, but hunting still occurs on Roatán Island.

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: appendix i

State of Michigan List: no special status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: endangered

Population

Population Trend

Major Threats

Conservation Actions

Other than using some of the foods put out for domestic fowl, there are no known negative impacts on humans.

Based on studies of Dasyprocta punctata and Dasyprocta mexicana, it has been suggested that D. ruatanica and other agoutis could be bred in captivity as a food source for humans. It has also been suggested that agoutis may be an ecotourist attraction.

Positive Impacts: food ; ecotourism

The Ruatan Island Agouti (Dasyprocta ruatanica) is a species of rodent in the Dasyproctidae family. It is endemic to Honduras. It is threatened by habitat loss.

References

1. ^ Schipper, J., Emmons, L., Woodman, N., Timm, R. & McCarthy, T. (2008). Dasyprocta ruatanica. In: IUCN 2008. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 5 January 2009.

• Woods, C. A. and C. W. Kilpatrick. 2005. Hystricognathi. Pp 1538-1600 in Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference 3rd ed. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C.

v · d · eExtant species of family Dasyproctidae Kingdom: Animalia · Phylum: Chordata · Class: Mammalia · Order: Rodentia · Suborder: Hystricomorpha · Infraorder: Hystricognathi · Parvorder: Caviomorpha Dasyprocta (Agoutis) Azara's Dasyprocta azarae) · Coiban Dasyprocta coibae) · Crested Dasyprocta cristata) · Black Dasyprocta fuliginosa) · Orinoco Dasyprocta guamara) · Kalinowski Dasyprocta kalinowskii) · Brazilian Dasyprocta leporina) · Mexican Dasyprocta mexicana) · Black-rumped Dasyprocta prymnolopha) · Central American Dasyprocta punctata) · Ruatan Island Dasyprocta ruatanica) Myoprocta (Acouchies) Green Acouchi (Myoprocta pratti) · Red Acouchi (Myoprocta acouchy) Category

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