Callicebus moloch occurs in Brazilian Amazonia south of the Rio Amazonas in the States of Pará and Mato Grosso. In Pará, it occurs from the west bank of Rio Tocantins/Araguaia west as far as the east bank of Rio Tapajós, south as far as Ilha do Bananal, north of the confluence of Rio das Mortes with the Rio Araguaia; in Mato Grosso, it ranges as far west as Rio Juruena, including the headwaters of the Rio Xingú (M. G. M. van Roosmalen collected a specimen shot by a Waurá Indian hunter along Rio Von den Steinen). In the north-western part of its range, the species is parapatric with C. hoffmannsi along the lower Rio Tapajós, and in the south-western corner of its range it is parapatric with C. cinerascens along the upper Rio Juruena. May have a patchy distribution within its range (Ferrari et al. 2007).

Central Brazil. Titi monkeys are only found in the Amazon river drainage and around the head-waters of the Orinoco river.

Biogeographic Regions: neotropical (Native )

Average mass: 804 g.

Habitat and Ecology

Systems

• Terrestrial

Low rainforest canopy

Terrestrial Biomes: rainforest

Titi monkeys eat large amounts of fruit, including figs. They also eat leaves, insects, eggs and small vertebrates.

Animal Foods: eggs; insects

Plant Foods: leaves; fruit

Primary Diet: herbivore (Frugivore )

Average lifespan

Status: captivity: 12.0 years.

Average lifespan

Sex: female

Status: captivity: 20.3 years.

Average lifespan

Sex: male

Status: captivity: 25.3 years.

Maximum longevity: 26.2 years (captivity)

Titi monkeys are monogamous.

Mating System: monogamous

Births occur from December to April. Gestation period is unknown. From birth both males and females take 10 months to reach adult size, although adult dentition is not fully present until at least 15 months.

Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); viviparous

Average birth mass: 86 g.

Average gestation period: 163 days.

Average number of offspring: 1.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female)

Sex: female: 912 days.

Adult males tend to carry infants except when the mother is nursing. Juveniles leave their family group after two to three years.

Parental Investment: pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Male); pre-independence (Protecting: Male); post-independence association with parents; extended period of juvenile learning

These animals are threatened by the rapid destruction of their habitat. CITES Appendix 2.

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern

Population

Population Trend

Major Threats

Conservation Actions