Macaca maura — Details

Maur Macaque learn more about names for this taxon

Overview

Distribution

Range Description

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This species occurs only on the south-western peninsula (Selatan) of Sulawesi Island (Okamoto et al. 2000), south of the Tempe depression, in Indonesia.
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Ecology

Habitat

Habitat and Ecology

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Habitat and Ecology
In the north of its range this species is found in rainforest as well as deciduous forests and karst islands, while in the southern parts it tends to occur in mosaics of forest with some grasslands, probably due primarily to habitat availability. They occur below 2,000 m. It is diurnal and frugivorous, but will also consume leaves and arthropods. Females reach sexual maturity in 6-7 years, and inter-birth intervals averaged 32 months (Okamoto et al. 2000).

Systems
  • Terrestrial
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Life History and Behavior

Life Expectancy

Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

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Maximum longevity: 33 years (captivity) Observations: One wild born specimen lived 30.5 years in captivity, making as old as 33 (Richard Weigl 2005).
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Conservation

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List Assessment

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Red List Category
EN
Endangered

Red List Criteria
A2cd

Version
3.1

Year Assessed
2008

Assessor/s
Supriatna, J., Shekelle, M. & Burton, J.

Reviewer/s
Mittermeier, R.A. & Rylands, A.B. (Primate Red List Authority)

Justification
Listed as Endangered due to a decline of ≥ 50% of the population over the last three generations (30-36 years). The populations of this species are now extremely fragmented, and are increasingly restricted to karst areas which are under increasing threat due to cement mining.

History
  • 2000
    Endangered
  • 1996
    Endangered
  • 1996
    Vulnerable
  • 1994
    Vulnerable
    (Groombridge 1994)
  • 1990
    Vulnerable
    (IUCN 1990)
  • 1988
    Vulnerable
    (IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre 1988)
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Population

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Population
From 1983 to 1994 population estimates for moor macaque apparently went from 56,000 individuals to under 10,000 (Evans et al. 2001), but they may or may not still be in decline. However, the survey methods used in these two population estimates were different, and the level of decline over three generations is more likely to be between 50 and 80%, than greater than 80% (J. Burton pers. comm.). The well-studied population that lives in Karaenta Nature Reserve reached a density of 70 individuals/km2 as of 1998 (Okamoto et al. 2000). In 1992, Supriatna et al. (1992) conducted an extensive survey and found only 3,000-5,000 individuals (2,500 mature) of the species. They estimated densities to be 25-50 individuals/km2 (18.7SD).

Population Trend
Decreasing
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Threats

Threats

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Major Threats
The major threat to moor macaques and other Sulawesi macaques seems to be habitat disturbance and fragmentation (Evans et al. 2001). The species is poisoned and trapped by local farmers where they are considered crop raiders. Increasing human settlement has marginalized the species to karst areas that cannot be developed. However, cement mining is destroying these areas and may be a serious threat to all species persisting in karst in the near future. These animals are frequently kept as pets by local people.
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Management

Conservation Actions

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Conservation Actions
This species is listed on CITES Appendix II. It is known to occur in 4 protected areas (Bantimurung National Park, Bulu Saraung National Park, Hasanuddin National Park, Karaenta Nature Reserve); however, the total protected area in the extent of occurrence is only 87 km2. There is an urgent need to address the cement mining of karst areas as this and other species have been protected by the prior inaccessibility of these formations.
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Wikipedia

Moor macaque

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The moor macaque (Macaca maura) is a macaque with brown/black body fur with a pale rump patch and pink bare skin on the rump. It is about 50-58.5 cm and eats figs, bamboo seeds, buds, sprouts, invertebrates and cereals in tropical rainforests. It is sometimes called "dog-ape" because of its dog-like muzzles, although they are no more closely related to apes than any other Old World monkey is. It is endemic to the island of Sulawesi in Indonesia.

The moor macaque is endangered mostly due to habitat loss from an expanding human population and deforestation to increase agricultural land area. It is estimated that only 1000 moor macaques are left in Sulawesi.[citation needed] Because several Sulawesi macaque species are endangered, information on ecology and behaviour is essential and conservation management plans are being designed.

References

  1. ^ Groves, C. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. eds. Mammal Species of the World (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 162-163. OCLC 62265494. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3/browse.asp?id=12100550. 
  2. ^ Supriatna, J., Shekelle, M. & Burton, J. (2008). Macaca maura. In: IUCN 2008. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 4 January 2009.
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