The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

• 1. IUCN Red List (December, 2007) http://www.iucnredlist.org
• 2. Kingdon, J. (1997) The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals. Academic Press Ltd, London.
• 3. Mills, M.G.L. and Hofer, H. (1998) Hyaenas. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN/SSC Hyaena Specialist Group, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
• 4. Mills, M.G.M. and Bearder, S.K. (2006) Hyena Family. In: Macdonald, D.W. Ed. The Encyclopedia of Mammals. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
• 5. Wagner, A.P. (2008) Pers. Comm.
• 6. Stuart, C. and Stuart, T. (1997) Field Guide to the Larger Mammals of Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town.
• 7. Leakey, L.N., Milledge, S.A.H., Leakey, S.M., Edung, J., Haynes, P., Kiptoo, D.K. and McGeorge, A. (1999) Diet of striped hyaena in northern Kenya. African Journal of Ecology, 37 (3): 314 - 326.
• 8. UNEP-WCMC: Ranthambore National Park (December, 2007) http://sea.unep-wcmc.org/sites/pa/0155v.htm
• 9. UNEP-WCMC: Serengeti National Park (December, 2007) http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/156
• Estes, Richard Despard. 1991. The Behavior Guide to African Mammals. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles.
• Fox, M.W. 1971. Ontogeny of a Social Display in Hyaena hyaena: Anal Protrusion. Journal of Mammalogy 52: 467-469.
• I., Helmy., & D. Osborn.   (1980).  The Contemporary Land Mammals of Egypt (including Sinai) Field Museum of Natural History, no. 5, Cairo..  
• Kruuk, Hans. 1976. Feeding and social behavior of the striped hyena (Hyaena vulgaris Desmarest). East African Wildlife Journal 14: 91-111.
• M., Basuony., F. Gilbert., & S. Zalat.   (2010).  Mammals of Egypt: Atlas, Red Data Listing & Conservation, Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs, Cairo..  
• Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2006. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed February 16, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.org. http://www.animaldiversity.org
• R., Hoath.   (2003).  A Field Guide to the Mammals of Egypt, The American University in Cairo Press, Cairo..  
• Richard Weigl (2005) Longevity of Mammals in Captivity; from the Living Collections of the World. Kleine Senckenberg-Reihe 48: Stuttgart.
• Walker, Ernest P. 1975. Mammals of the World, Third Edition, Volume II. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
• Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. 1993. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. xviii + 1207
• Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. 2005. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2. 2142
• Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole. 2000. Common Names of Mammals of the World. xiv + 204
• van Aarde, R.J., J.D. Skinner, M.H. Knight, and D.C. Skinner. 1988. Range use by a striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) in the Negav Desert. Journal of Zoology 216: 575-577.