Taxonomy. Although the genus Temnothorax was synonymized with Leptothorax, Temnothorax was recently revived as an independent genus by Bolton (2003) and assigned to the Temnothorax genus group of the tribe Formicoxenini . Workers of Vietnamese species have the following features.

 

Worker monomorphic. Head subrectangular with round posterior corners; frontal carina and antennal scrobe absent; median portion of clypeus moderately convex anteriad, but never forming an anteriorly projecting shelf and never distinctly overlapping basal portion of mandibular blades; median clypeal carina weak but present; medianclypeal seta absent; posteromedian portion of clypeus broadly inserted between frontal lobes; mandible triangular, with 5 teeth; palp formula 5,3; stipes of maxilla without a transverse crest at about its midlength; antenna 12-segmented, with 3-segmented antennal club; eye moderate to large in size; promesonotum in lateral view only weakly raised; promesonotal suture absent dorsally; metanotal groove shallowly impressed or almost absent dorsally; propodeal spine present; propodeal lobe roundly expanded; middle and hind tibiae without distinct spurs apically; petiole pedunculate, with low node, with a tiny process or angle on ventral face of anterior part of peduncle; gastral shoulder weakly present; sting simple, without any appendix apically.

 

The worker of Temnothorax is similar to that of Vo m b i s i d r i s and Cardiocondyla (for distingusihed characters see under the latter genera).

 

Vietnamese species. Two species are known from Vietnam: sp. eg-1 (Sa Pa); sp. eg-2 (Tam Dao).

 

Bionomics. Temnothorax species are rare in Vietnam where they have been collected around or above 1000 m alt. in northern Vietnam.

Notes:

 

Till recently Temnothorax was considered as a junior synonym of Leptothorax , but Bolton (2003) has divided the latter genus to two: Leptothorax (which includes the former subgenus Leptothorax s. str.) and Temnothorax (which includes, among others, the former subgenus Myrafant M. R. Smith). Therefore all authors before 2003 and some after this date have placed Temnothorax species in the genus Leptothorax (except of Temnothorax recedens ).

E1 [endemic to California], E2 [endemic to California floristic province (Hickman, 1993)]

E2 [endemic to California floristic province (Hickman, 1993)]

 

Leptothorax sp. BCA-9 of Johnson & Ward (2002).

E1 [endemic to California], E2 [endemic to California floristic province (Hickman, 1993)]

E1 [endemic to California], E2 [endemic to California floristic province (Hickman, 1993)]

E2 [endemic to California floristic province (Hickman, 1993)]

 

Leptothorax sp. BCA-3 of Johnson & Ward (2002).

E2 [endemic to California floristic province (Hickman, 1993)]

 

Leptothorax sp. BCA-2 of Johnson & Ward (2002).

E2 [endemic to California floristic province (Hickman, 1993)]

 

Leptothorax sp. nr. silvestrii of Johnson & Ward(2002) .

Most of the California species formerly placed in Leptothorax have now been assigned to Temnothorax (Bolton 2003). With at least twenty species in California, this is a diverse group showing wide variation in habitat and nest-site preferences. About a third of the species are arboreal. Most species appear to be generalist scavengers.

 

Species identification: keys in Wheeler and Wheeler (1986g) and Mackay (2000), in conjunction with the new synonymy introduced here (see above under “Taxonomic Changes”) and images on AntWeb. Additional references: Bolton (2003), Cole (1958c), Creighton (1950a), Deyrup and Cover (2004), Douwes and Stille (1987), Möglich (1979), Smith (1949e), Wheeler (1903d).

A recent comprehensive reorganization of the tribe Formicoxenini by Bolton (2003) led to the division of Leptothorax (sensu lato) into three genera: Leptothorax , Nesomyrmex Wheeler and Temnothorax , of which the first and last are represented in California. Temnothorax includes species previously placed in the subgenus Myrafant M. Smith . A revision of the New World Myrafant species by Mackay (2000) helped to improve the alphataxonomy of the group but various problems remain, particularly among the California species. In preparing a checklist of the ant fauna of this state it became necessary to tackle certain issues left unresolved by Mackay’s revision.

 

There is a rich Temnothorax fauna in California, and in the adjacent Baja California peninsula (Johnson & Ward 2002). At least ten undescribed species occur in California, here indicated by code numbers ( Temnothorax sp. CA-01 to CA-10). These are the subject of ongoing taxonomic study by Roy Snelling (LACM). In this paper I confine myself to clarifying the nomenclature and species limits of some of the described taxa.

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Specimens with Barcodes: 1
Species With Barcodes: 1

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Specimens with Barcodes: 1
Species With Barcodes: 1

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Specimens with Barcodes: 2
Species With Barcodes: 1

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Specimens with Barcodes: 2
Species With Barcodes: 1

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Specimens with Barcodes: 1
Species With Barcodes: 1

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Specimens with Barcodes: 1
Species With Barcodes: 1

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Specimens with Barcodes: 2
Species With Barcodes: 1

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Specimens with Barcodes: 2
Species With Barcodes: 1

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Specimens with Barcodes: 2
Species With Barcodes: 1

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Specimens with Barcodes: 2
Species With Barcodes: 1

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) Stats
                                        

Specimen Records:	348	Public Records:	11
Specimens with Sequences:	295	Public Species:	3
Specimens with Barcodes:	159	Public BINs:	3
Species:	50
Species With Barcodes:	39

Access Published & Released Data: Download FASTA File

Collection Sites: world map showing specimen collection locations for Temnothorax