Carex demonstrator key - worldwide
LSU Interactive Identification Keys - North America, Central America, Europe
Ontario Grasses - Ontario, Canada
Identifying Australian Rainforest Plants,Trees and Fungi: Sedges - Australia

Carex sect. Cryptostachyae Franch.:
Australia (Oceania)
China (Asia)
Indonesia (Asia)
Philippines (Asia)
Malaysia (Asia)
Thailand (Asia)
Vietnam (Asia)

:
Indonesia (Asia)
Malaysia (Asia)
Thailand (Asia)
Vietnam (Asia)
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Phleoideae Meinsh.:
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Rupestres (Tuck.) Mack.:
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Physocarpae Drejer ex L.H. Bailey:
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Pseudocypereae Tuck. ex Kük.:
Australia (Oceania)
China (Asia)
New Guinea (Asia)
New Zealand (Oceania)

Carex sect. Secalinae (O. Lang) O. Lang ex Kük.:
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Confertiflorae Franch. ex Ohwi:
Australia (Oceania)
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Debiles (J. Carey):
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Siderostictae Franch. ex Ohwi:
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Hirtae Tuck. ex Kük.:
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Mundae Kük.:
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Japonicae Kük.:
China (Asia)
Japan (Asia)
Philippines (Asia)
Vietnam (Asia)

Carex subgen. Vigneastra (Tuck.) Kük.:
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Pellucidae G.A. Wheeler:
Chile (South America)

Carex sect. Hemiscaposae C.B. Clarke:
China (Asia)
India (Asia)
Laos (Asia)
Vietnam (Asia)

Carex sect. Euprepes Nelmes & Airy Shaw:
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Indicae Tuck.:
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Polystachyae Tuck.:
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Stellulatae (Kunth) Christ:
Australia (Oceania)
China (Asia)
New Guinea (Asia)
New Zealand (Oceania)
United States (North America)

Carex sect. Planatae Akiyama:
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Remotae C.B. Clarke:
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Gibba[e?] Kük.:
China (Asia)
Japan (Asia)
North Korea (Asia)
South Korea (Asia)

Carex sect. Physodeae Christ ex Kük.:
China (Asia)

Carex subgen. Vignea (P. Beauv. ex T. Lestib.) Peterm.:
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Rhizopodae Ohwi:
China (Asia)
Japan (Asia)

Carex sect. Grallatoriae Kük.:
Japan (Asia)
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Rarae C.B. Clarke:
Australia (Oceania)
China (Asia)
New Zealand (Oceania)

Carex sect. Graciles Kük.:
Australia (Oceania)
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Tuminenses Y.L. Chang:
China (Asia)
New Zealand (Oceania)

Carex sect. Praelongae (Kük.) Nelmes:
China (Asia)
Madagascar (Africa & Madagascar)
Sri Lanka (Asia)

Carex sect. Forficulae (Franch. ex Kük.) Franch. ex Raymond:
China (Asia)

Carex subsect. Caespitosae Fr. ex Kük.:
China (Asia)

Carex subsect. Rigidae Fr. ex Kük.:
China (Asia)

Carex subsect. Gynaecandrae T.V. Egorova:
Canada (North America)
Russian Federation (Asia)
China (Asia)
United States (North America)

Carex sect. Occlusae C.B. Clarke:
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Rhomboidales Kük.:
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Molliculae Ohwi:
China (Asia)

Carex subsect. Ferrugineae Tuck. ex Kük.:
China (Asia)

Carex subsect. Fuliginosae Tuck. ex Kük.:
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Decorae (Kük.) Ohwi:
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Radicales (Kük.) Nelmes:
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Lageniformes (Ohwi) Nelmes:
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Glaucaeformes Ohwi:
China (Asia)
North Korea (Asia)
Russian Federation (Asia)

Carex sect. Scabrellae Kük.:
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Hypolytroides Nelmes:
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Surculosae Raymond:
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Hangzhouenses C.Z. Zheng, X.F. Jin & B.Y. Ding:
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Lamprochlaenae Drejer:
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Acrocystis Dumort.:
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Carex :
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Paniceae G. Don:
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Phacocystis Dumort.:
Australia (Oceania)
China (Asia)
New Zealand (Oceania)

Carex sect. Ovales Kunth:
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Capituligerae Kük.:
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Paludosae G. Don:
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Chlorostachyae Meinsh.:
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Limosae Meinsh.:
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Holarrhenae (Doell.) Pax:
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Mitratae Kük.:
Australia (Oceania)
China (Asia)
New Zealand (Oceania)

Carex sect. Anomalae J. Carey:
Australia (Oceania)
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Aulocystis Dumort.:
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Hymenochlaenae (Drejer) L.H. Bailey:
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Foetidae (Tuck. ex L.H. Bailey) Kük.:
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Macrocephalae Kük.:
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Physoglochin Neck. ex Dumort.:
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Heleoglochin Dumort.:
Australia (Oceania)
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Careyanae Tuck. ex Kük.:
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Cyperoideae G. Don:
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Glareosae G. Don:
Australia (Oceania)
China (Asia)
New Guinea (Asia)
New Zealand (Oceania)

Carex sect. Dispermae Ohwi:
China (Asia)
Finland (Europe)
Norway (Europe)
Sweden (Europe)
Russian Federation (Asia)

Carex sect. Clandestinae G. Don:
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Albae (Asch. & Graebn.) Kük.:
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Leucoglochin Dumort.:
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Vulpinae (Heuff.) Christ:
Australia (Oceania)
China (Asia)

Carex L.:
Brazil (South America)
China (Asia)
Costa Rica (Mesoamerica)
Honduras (Mesoamerica)
Panama (Mesoamerica)

Carex sect. Echinochlomorphae Y.L. Chang ex S.Yun Liang:
China (Asia)

Carex sect. Thomsonianae Y.L. Chang ex S.Yun Liang:
Vietnam (Asia)
Thailand (Asia)
Nepal (Asia)
India (Asia)
China (Asia)
Bhutan (Asia)
Burma (Asia)

Carex subgen. Carex :
China (Asia)

Herbs perennial, rarely annual. Rhizomatous; rarely stoloniferous as in Carex section Ovales. Culms trigonous; may be terete at nodes. Blades M to V to flat in cross section, rarely filiform,involute, or terete; pubescent or not. Inflorescences terminal; in racemes, spikes or panicles. Spikes consisting of unisexual flowers usually subtended by a single bract or scale. Sexuality of spikes variable. Pistillate flowers have a scale fused at edges forming the perigynium; a structure encasing the pistillate flower with an aperature for the style. Style two to three branched, rarely four; deciduous to persistent. Stamens, one to three. Achenes varied in cross section to plano-convex, biconvex to trigonous.

Carex (carex (grass)) is prey of:
Bos taurus
Lepus californicus
Lepus townsendii
Orthoptera
Coleoptera
Hemiptera
Spermophilus

Based on studies in:
USA: California, Cabrillo Point (Grassland)

This list may not be complete but is based on published studies.

Foodplant / sap sucker
adult of Agramma laetum sucks sap of Carex
Remarks: Other: uncertain

In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Plant / associate
fruitbody of Agrocybe paludosa is associated with Carex

Plant / resting place / on
female of Anaphothrips badius may be found on live Carex
Remarks: season: 3,7-9

Foodplant / parasite
sorus of Anthracoidea caricis sensu E&E parasitises live ovary of Carex

Plant / associate
imago of Bagous tempestivus is associated with Carex

Plant / resting place / on
larva of Bolothrips dentipes may be found on base of Carex
Remarks: season: 7-9

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Brachythops flavens grazes on leaf of Carex

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Brachythops w grazes on leaf of Carex

Foodplant / saprobe
basidiome of Cellypha goldbachii is saprobic on dead leaf of Carex

Plant / resting place / on
puparium of Cerodontha angulata may be found on leaf of Carex

Plant / resting place / within
puparium of Cerodontha caricicola may be found in leaf-mine of Carex

Plant / resting place / within
puparium of Cerodontha eucaricis may be found in leaf-mine of Carex
Other: sole host/prey

Foodplant / miner
larva of Cerodontha suturalis mines leaf of Carex
Other: sole host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
extensive, velvety colony of Cladosporium dematiaceous anamorph of Cladosporium cladosporioides is saprobic on dead, rain-soaked stem of Carex
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Coprinopsis martinii is saprobic on decayed debris of Carex

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Coprinopsis tigrinella is saprobic on decayed debris of Carex

Foodplant / saprobe
often buried under desne layers of decayed grass leaves fruitbody of Coprinopsis urticicola is saprobic on decayed debris of Carex
Remarks: season: summer

Foodplant / sap sucker
nymph of Cymus glandicolor sucks sap of Carex

Plant / associate
Cyrtorhinus caricis is associated with base of clump of Carex

Plant / hibernates / within
adult of Dictyla convergens hibernates inside tussock of Carex

Foodplant / saprobe
immersed, gregarious apothecium of Didymella caricis is saprobic on leaf of Carex

Foodplant / saprobe
immersed pseudothecium of Didymella proximella is saprobic on dead leaf of Carex
Remarks: season: 3-7

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Dolerus haematodes grazes on leaf of Carex

Plant / associate
larva of Donacia cinerea is associated with roots of Carex

Plant / resting place / among
clustered, in groups of up to 10 cocoon of Donacia clavipes may be found among rhizome of Carex
Other: minor host/prey

Plant / resting place / among
subaquatic cocoon of Donacia dentata may be found among submerged roots of Carex

Plant / resting place / on
adult of Donacia impressa may be found on Carex
Remarks: season: 4-11

Foodplant / feeds on
adult of Donacia obscura feeds on pollen of Carex
Remarks: season: (4-)6(-9)

Plant / resting place / on
adult of Donacia simplex may be found on Carex
Remarks: season: 3-9(-11)

Foodplant / feeds on
adult of Donacia thalassina feeds on leaf of Carex
Remarks: season: 6-8
Other: uncertain

Plant / resting place / on
adult of Donacia vulgaris may be found on leaf of Carex

Foodplant / secondary infection
colony of Epicoccum dematiaceous anamorph of Epicoccum nigrum secondarily infects fungus-infected Carex
Remarks: season: 1-12
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / feeds on
Erirhinus aethiops feeds on stem of Carex

Foodplant / sap sucker
adult of Eurygaster testudinaria sucks sap of Carex
Other: major host/prey

Plant / grows among
fruitbody of Galerina jaapii grows among Carex

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Galerina permixta is saprobic on dead leaf of debris of Carex

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Hansfordia dematiaceous anamorph of Hansfordia caricis is saprobic on dead leaf of Carex
Remarks: season: 3-7

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Hemimycena delectabilis is saprobic on dead leaf of Carex
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Hyphodontia detritica is saprobic on dead, decayed leaf of Carex
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / feeds on
larva of Kateretes pedicularius feeds on Carex

Foodplant / feeds on
Kateretes pusillus feeds on Carex

Foodplant / feeds on
larva of Kateretes rufilabris feeds on Carex

Foodplant / saprobe
scattered, immersed pseudothecium of Leptosphaeria caricis is saprobic on dead leaf of Carex

Foodplant / saprobe
thyriothecium of Lichenopeltella alpestris is saprobic on dead leaf of Carex
Remarks: season: 4-11

Foodplant / saprobe
thyriothecium of Lichenopeltella nigroannulata is saprobic on dead leaf of Carex

Foodplant / feeds on
larva of Limnobaris pilistriata feeds on Carex

Foodplant / feeds on
larva of Limnobaris t-album feeds on Carex

Foodplant / parasite
fruitbody of Limonomyces culmigenus parasitises live Carex
Other: unusual host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
Actinothyrium coelomycetous anamorph of Lophodermium apiculatum is saprobic on Carex

Plant / resting place / among
subaquatic cocoon of Macroplea appendiculata may be found among roots of Carex

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Marasmiellus vaillantii is saprobic on debris of Carex

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Marasmius caricis is saprobic on moist debris of Carex
Other: sole host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Marasmius pseudocaricis is saprobic on dead, decayed leaf of Carex
Other: sole host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Melanotus phillipsii is saprobic on dead, decayed debris of Carex

Foodplant / miner
larva of Metopomyza scutellata mines leaf of Carex
Other: sole host/prey

Plant / resting place / on
puparium of Metopomyza xanthaspis may be found on leaf of Carex
Other: sole host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
sessile apothecium of Mollisia caricina is saprobic on dead leaf of Carex
Remarks: season: 8-12

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Mycena bulbosa is saprobic on dead, decayed, wet debris of Carex
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Mycocalia denudata is saprobic on dead, wet leaf of Carex

Foodplant / saprobe
immersed pseudothecium of Mycosphaerella allicina is saprobic on Carex
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
immersed, linearly arranged pseudothecium of Mycosphaerella lineolata is saprobic on dead leaf of Carex
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
extensive, velvety colony of Cladosporium dematiaceous anamorph of Mycosphaerella tulasnei is saprobic on dead, rain-soaked leaf of Carex
Remarks: season: 1-12
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
stalked sporodochium of Myrothecium dematiaceous anamorph of Myrothecium masonii is saprobic on Carex
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Niptera pulla is saprobic on dead Carex
Remarks: season: 3-5

Foodplant / internal feeder
larva of Notaris bimaculatus feeds within shoot of Carex

Foodplant / feeds on
Notaris scirpi feeds on stem of Carex

Foodplant / sap sucker
adult of Pachybrachius fracticollis sucks sap of catkin of Carex
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Pachynematus clibrichellus grazes on leaf of Carex
Other: sole host/prey

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Pachynematus kirbyi grazes on leaf of Carex
Other: sole host/prey

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Pachynematus vagus grazes on leaf of Carex

Foodplant / saprobe
immersed pseudothecium of Paraphaeosphaeria michotii is saprobic on dead stem of Carex
Remarks: season: 1-7

Foodplant / saprobe
sessile or short-stalked apothecium of Pezizella eriophori is saprobic on dead, rotting, thinly blackly circumscripted leaf of Carex
Remarks: season: 6-7

Foodplant / saprobe
scattered, initially immersed pseudothecium of Phaeosphaeria herpotrichoides is saprobic on dead leaf of Carex
Remarks: season: spring, summer

Foodplant / feeds on
larva of Phalacrus caricis feeds on Carex

Foodplant / feeds on
larva of Phalacrus substriatus feeds on Carex

Foodplant / saprobe
superficial conidioma of Dinemasporium coelomycetous anamorph of Phomatospora dinemasporium is saprobic on dead leaf of Carex
Remarks: season: 1-12
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
annual, resupinate, drying dark red fruitbody of Physisporinus sanguinolentus is saprobic on dead, decayed, sodden stem (base) of Carex
Other: unusual host/prey

Foodplant / gall
larva of Planetella fischeri causes gall of leaf of Carex

Foodplant / gall
larva of Planetella granifex causes gall of stem of Carex

Foodplant / feeds on
larva of Plateumaris affinis feeds on Carex

Plant / resting place / among
cocoon of Plateumaris braccata may be found among root of Carex

Foodplant / feeds on
adult of Plateumaris discolor feeds on pollen? of Carex
Remarks: season: (3-)6(-12)
Other: major host/prey

Plant / associate
larva of Platycheirus immarginatus is associated with Carex

Plant / associate
larva of Platycheirus perpallidus is associated with Carex

Foodplant / saprobe
very shortly stalked apothecium of Psilachnum asemum is saprobic on dead leaf of Carex
Remarks: season: 7

Foodplant / parasite
uredium of Puccinia caricina parasitises Carex

Foodplant / parasite
telium of Puccinia urticata parasitises live Carex

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Resinomycena saccharifera is saprobic on dead, decayed debris of Carex

Foodplant / saprobe
stalked, erumpent apothecium of Rutstroemia lindaviana is saprobic on dead, very rotting, fallen, locally blackened leaf of Carex
Remarks: season: 5-9

Foodplant / parasite
embedded sorus of Schizonella melanogramma parasitises live leaf of Carex

Foodplant / feeds on
very numerous, densely scattered, black, covered, piercing pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph of Septoria gracillima feeds on leaf of Carex

Foodplant / saprobe
linearly arranged, blackish, covered then semi-erumpent pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph of Septoria lineolata is saprobic on dead leaf of Carex
Remarks: season: 10-3
Other: uncertain

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Simocybe centunculus var. laevigata is saprobic on dead, decayed debris of Carex

Foodplant / saprobe
loosely gregarious, covered pycnidium of Stagonospora coelomycetous anamorph of Stagonospora gigaspora is saprobic on dead leaf (upper part) of Carex

Foodplant / saprobe
covered pycnidium of Stagonospora coelomycetous anamorph of Stagonospora macropus is saprobic on dead leaf of Carex
Remarks: season: 1-4

Foodplant / saprobe
amphigenous, scattered or gregarious, immersed in parenchyma pycnidium of Stagonospora coelomycetous anamorph of Stagonospora paludosa is saprobic on dead fruit of Carex
Remarks: season: 9-4

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Trechispora minima is saprobic on dead, decayed debris of Carex

Foodplant / gall
larva of Wachtliella caricis causes gall of inflorescence of Carex

Collection Sites: world map showing specimen collection locations for Carex

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) Stats
                                                             

Specimen Records:	2,561
Specimens with Sequences:	2,450
Specimens with Barcodes:	1,913
Public Records:	347
Species:	699
Species With Barcodes:	597

Download FASTA File

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Species: 1
Species With Barcodes: 1

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Species: 1
Species With Barcodes: 1

The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species. 

 
There is 1 barcode sequence available from BOLD and GenBank.   Below is the sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species.  See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen.  Other sequences that do not yet meet barcode criteria may also be available.
 

Download FASTA File

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 1
Species: 1
Species With Barcodes: 1

The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species. 

 
There is 1 barcode sequence available from BOLD and GenBank.   Below is the sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species.  See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen.  Other sequences that do not yet meet barcode criteria may also be available.
 

Download FASTA File

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 1
Species: 1
Species With Barcodes: 1

The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species. 

 
There is 1 barcode sequence available from BOLD and GenBank.   Below is the sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species.  See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen.  Other sequences that do not yet meet barcode criteria may also be available.
 

Download FASTA File

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 1
Species: 1
Species With Barcodes: 1

Carex is a genus of plants in the family Cyperaceae, commonly known as sedges. Other members of the Cyperaceae family are also called sedges, however those of genus Carex may be called "true" sedges, and it is the most species-rich genus in the family. The study of Carex is known as caricology.

Contents 1 Description 2 Habitat 3 Horticulture 4 Taxonomy 5 In footwear 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External links

Description

All species of Carex are perennials.^[2] They typically have rhizomes, stolons or short rootstocks, but some species grow in tufts (caespitose).^[2] The culm – the flower-bearing stalk – is unbranched and usually erect.^[2] It is usually distinctly triangular in section.^[2]

The leaves of Carex comprise a blade, which extends away from the stalk, and a sheath, which encloses part of the stalk.^[2] The blade is normally long and flat, but may be folded, inrolled, channelled or absent.^[2] The leaves have parallel veins, and where the blade meets the culm, there is a structure called the ligule.^[2]

The flowers of Carex are small and are combined into spikes, which are themselves combined into a larger inflorescence. The spike typically contains many flowers, but can hold as few as one in some species.^[2] Almost all Carex species are monoecious; each flower is either male (staminate) or female (pistillate).^[2] A few species are dioecious. Sedges exhibit diverse arrangements of male and female flowers. Often, the lower spikes are entirely pistillate and upper spikes staminate, with one or more spikes in between having pistillate flowers near the base and staminate flowers near the tip.^[3] In other species, all spikes are similar. In that case, they may have male flowers above and female flowers below (androgynous) or female flowers above and male flowers below (gynecandrous). In relatively few species, the arrangement of flowers is irregular.

The defining structure of the genus Carex is the bottle-shaped bract that surrounds each female flower.^[3] This structure is called the perigynium or utricle, a modified prophyll. It is typically extended into a "rostrum" or beak, which is often divided at the tip (bifid) into two teeth.^[3] The shape, venation, and vestiture (hairs) of the perigynium are important structures for distinguishing Carex species.

The fruit of Carex is a dry, one-seeded indehiscent achene or nut^[2] which grows within the perigynium. Perigynium features aid in fruit dispersal.

Habitat

Most (but not all) sedges are found in wetlands – such as marshes, calcareous fens, bogs and other peatlands, pond and stream banks, riparian zones, and even ditches – where they are often the dominant vegetation.^[3]

Horticulture

Carex species and cultivars are well represented in the horticulture industry, landscape design projects, and private gardens.^[4] Native species are used in wildland habitat restoration projects, Natural landscaping and gardens, and in sustainable landscaping as drought tolerant grass replacements for lawns and garden meadows.^[5][6] Both ornamental cultivars (many from Japan) and native species selections are used as perennials in traditional gardens.^[7]

Taxonomy

Carex disticha

Carex echinata

Carex riparia

The genus Carex was established by Carl Linnaeus in his work Species Plantarum in 1753, and is one of the largest genera of flowering plants.^[8] Estimates of the number of species vary from about 1100 to almost 2000.^[9] Species include:

• Carex abrupta Mack.
• Carex acuta Carex acutiformis Ehrh.
• Carex albida L. H. Bailey
• Carex albonigra Mack.
• Carex alma L. H. Bailey
• Carex amplifolia Boott
• Carex angustata Boott
• Carex appropinquata Schumach.
• Carex aquatilis Wahlenb.
• Carex arcta Boott
• Carex arenaria Carex atherodes Spreng.
• Carex athrostachya Olney
• Carex aurea Nutt.
• Carex azuayae Steyerm.
• Carex barbarae Dewey
• Carex barrattii Schwein. & Torr.
• Carex bigelowii Torr. ex Schwein.
• Carex binervis Carex buxbaumii Wahlenb.
• Carex canescens Carex capitata Carex cespitosa Carex chordorrhiza L. f.
• Carex comosa Boott
• Carex concinna Carex concinnoides Mack.
• Carex cusickii Mack. ex Piper & Beattie
• Carex depauperata Curtis ex With.
• Carex diandra Schrank
• Carex disperma Dewey
• Carex disticha Huds.
• Carex douglasii Boott
• Carex echinata Murray
• Carex emoryi Dewey
• Carex ericetorum Pollich
• Carex festucacea Schkuhr ex Willd.
• Carex filifolia Nutt.
• Carex flacca Schreb.
• Carex fracta Mack.
• Carex garberi Fernald
• Carex geyeri Boott
• Carex globularis Carex hassei L. H. Bailey
• Carex haydeniana Olney
• Carex helleri Mack.
• Carex heteroneura W. Boott
• Carex hirta Carex hoodii Boott
• Carex hystericina Muhl. ex Willd.
• Carex illota L. H. Bailey
• Carex inops L. H. Bailey
• Carex interior L. H. Bailey
• Carex intumescens Rudge
• Carex jamesii Schwein.
• Carex japonica Thunb.
• Carex jonesii L. H. Bailey
• Carex klamathensis B. L. Wilson & Janeway
• Carex lasiocarpa Ehrh.
• Carex lenticularis Michx.
• Carex lepida Boott
• Carex leporina Carex leporinella Mack.
• Carex leptalea Wahlenb.
• Carex limosa Carex livida (Wahlenb.) Willd.
• Carex lutea LeBlond
• Carex luzulina Olney
• Carex lyngbyei Hornem.
• Carex mariposana L. H. Bailey & Mack.
• Carex mertensii Prescott ex Bong.
• Carex microptera Mack.
• Carex molesta Mack. ex Bright
• Carex multicaulis L. H. Bailey
• Carex multicostata Mack.
• Carex nebrascensis Dewey
• Carex nervina L. H. Bailey
• Carex neurophora Mack. in Abrams
• Carex nigra (L.) Reichard
• Carex nigricans C. A. Mey.
• Carex nudata S.Watson
• Carex obnupta L. H. Bailey
• Carex occidentalis L. H. Bailey
• Carex oronensis Fernald
• Carex pachystachya Cham. ex Steud.
• Carex paleacea Schreb. ex Wahlenb.
• Carex pansa L. H. Bailey
• Carex pauciflora Lightf.
• Carex paupercula Michx.
• Carex pellita Muhl. ex Willd.
• Carex pendula Huds.
• Carex pensylvanica Lam.
• Carex petasata Dewey
• Carex phaeocephala Carex pilulifera‎ Carex praeceptorum Mack.
• Carex praegracilis W. Boott
• Carex praticola Rydb.
• Carex preussii K. Schum.
• Carex proposita Mack.
• Carex raynoldsii Dewey
• Carex riparia Curtis
• Carex roanensis F.J.Herm.
• Carex rossii Boott
• Carex rostrata Stokes
• Carex saxatilis Carex scoparia Schkuhr ex Willd.
• Carex secta Boott
• Carex serotina Mérat
• Carex sheldonii Mack.
• Carex siderosticta Hance
• Carex simulata Mack.
• Carex sodiroi Kük.
• Carex sparganioides Muhl. ex Willd.
• Carex specifica L. H. Bailey
• Carex spectabilis Dewey
• Carex specuicola J. T. Howell
• Carex spissa L. H. Bailey
• Carex straminiformis L. H. Bailey
• Carex stricta Lam.
• Carex subnigricans Stacey
• Carex tessellata Spruce ex C. B. Clarke
• Carex thouarsii Carmich.
• Carex tiogana D.W. Taylor & J.D. Mastrog.
• Carex toreadora Steyerm.
• Carex tumulicola Mack.
• Carex umbrosa Host.
• Carex utriculata Boott
• Carex vaginata Tausch
• Carex vallicola Dewey
• Carex vernacula L. H. Bailey
• Carex vesicaria Carex vulpinoidea Michx.
• Carex williamsii Britton

In footwear

A mix of dried specimens of several species of Carex (including Carex vesicaria) have a history of being used as thermal insulation in footwear (such as skaller used by Sami).^[10] (Sennegras is one of the names, for such mixes.^[11]) During the first human expedition to the South Pole in 1911, such a mix were used in skaller, when camps had been set (after each stretch of travelling had been completed).^[12]

References

1. ^ Ilkka Kukkonen & Heikki Toivonen (1988). Taxonomy of wetland carices. In J. M. Bernard. "Carex, Trebon, Czechoslovakia, 13–23 June 1984". Aquatic Botany 30 (1–2): 5–22. doi:10.1016/0304-3770(88)90003-4. 
2. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j} Robert H. Mohlenbrock & Paul Wayne Nelson (1999). "Introduction". Sedges: Carex. Volume 14 of The Illustrated flora of Illinois. Southern Illinois University Press. pp. 3–7. ISBN 978-0-8093-2074-5. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=1ZGekaNQ4YAC&pg=PA3. 
3. ^ ^{a b c d} A. C. Jermy, D. A. Simpson, M. J. Y. Foley & M. S. Porter (2007). "General structure of Cyperaceae". Sedges of the British Isles. BSBI Handbook No. 1 (3rd ed.). Botanical Society of the British Isles. pp. 2–26. ISBN 978-0-901158-35-2. 
4. ^ http://www.suncrestnurseries.com/descript/carex.html access date: 5/22/2010
5. ^ http://www.nativeson.com/annotated_catalog/grasscatalog.htm access date: 5/25/2010
6. ^ http://www.elnativogrowers.com/carex_subpage.htm access date: 5/22/2010
7. ^ http://www.provenwinners.com; access date: 2/22/2010
8. ^ David G. Frodin (2004). "History and concepts of big plant genera". Taxon 53 (3): 753–776. doi:10.2307/4135449. JSTOR 4135449. 
9. ^ Anthony Darrouzet-Nardi (May 5, 2003). "Systematics of the genus Carex". http://anthony.darrouzet-nardi.net/works/carex.html. 
10. ^ http://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dep/jd/dok/nouer/1994/nou-1994-21/16/5/11.html?id=455576
11. ^ http://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dep/jd/dok/nouer/1994/nou-1994-21/16/5/11.html?id=455576
12. ^ Mathismoen, Ole (2011-12-14). "Blir ikke varm i rått reinskinn" (in Norwegian). Aftenposten: p. 17. "... skalder med senegress fra Kautokeino til bruk når de hadde slått leir." 

Further reading

• Barbara L. Wilson, Richard Brainerd & Danna Lytjen (2008). Field Guide to the Sedges of the Pacific Northwest. Oregon State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87071-197-8.