The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

• 1. IUCN Red List (January, 2006) http://www.redlist.org
• 10. Blake, S. and Inkamba-Nkulu, C. (2004) Fruit, Minerals, and Forest Elephant Trails: Do All Roads Lead to Rome?. Biotropica, 36 (3): 392 - 401.
• 11. Cornell Lab of Ornithology – The Elephant Listening Project (February, 2006) http://www.birds.cornell.edu/brp/elephant/ELPFAQ.html
• 12. Blanc, J. (2006) Pers. Comm.
• 13. National Geographic News (September, 2002) http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/08/0824_twoelephants.html
• 14. IUCN African Elephant Specialist Group – Regional Strategy for the Conservation of Elephants in Central Africa (February, 2006) http://www.iucn.org/themes/ssc/sgs/afesg/tools/pdfs/str_afc0512_fr.pdf
• 2. Spinage, C. (1994) Elephants. T. & A. D. Poyser Ltd, London.
• 3. CITES (January, 2006) http://www.cites.org
• 4. Convention on Migratory Species (January, 2006) http://www.cms.int/
• 5. IUCN African Elephant Specialist Group (AfESG): Statement on the Taxonomy of extant Loxodonta (February, 2006) http://www.iucn.org/afesg/tools/pdfs/pos_genet_en.pdf
• 6. Burnie, D. (2001) Animal. Dorling Kindersley, London.
• 7. Macdonald, D. (2001) The New Encyclopedia of Mammals. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
• 8. Groning, K. and Saller, M. (1999) Elephants: a Cultural and Natural History. Koneman, Cologne.
• 9. Eltringham, S.K. (1997) The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Elephants. Salamander Books Ltd, London.
• Berger, L. 2001. "Opinion: How Do You Miss a Whole Elephant Species?" (On-line). National Geographic. Accessed September 23, 2008 at http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/12/1217_leeelephant.html.
• Douglas-Hamilton, O. 2008. "Africa's Elephants: Can They Survive?" (On-line). National Geographic. Accessed September 23, 2008 at http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/09/africa-elephant/douglas-hamilton-text/12.
• Fay, M., M. Agnagna. 1991. A population survey of forest elephants (Loxodonta africana cyclotis) in northern Congo. African Journal of Ecology, 29/3: 177-187.
• International Elephant Foundation, 2008. "Loxodonta" (On-line). International Elephant Foundation. Accessed January 02, 2009 at http://www.elephantconservation.org/loxodonta.php.
• Kingdon, J. 1979. East African Mammals: Large Mammals. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Accessed November 06, 2008 at http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=xdH_Gi92-fAC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=loxondonta+cyclotis+reproduction&ots=6l08Vsiceu&sig=Fuy-_JFSeH2vGLmMgqIAgt3jCRg#PPP1,M1.
• Laursen, L., M. Bekoff. 1978. Loxodonta africana. Mammalian Species, 92: 1-8.
• Macdonald, D., S. Norris. 2001. Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York, NY: Facts on File Inc..
• McComb, K., D. Reby, L. Baker, C. Moss, S. Sayialel. 2003. Long-distance communication of acoustic cues to social identity in African elephants. Animal Behaviour, 65/2: 317-329.
• Roca, Alfred L., Nicholas Georgiadis, Jill Pecon-Slattery, and Stephen J. O'Brien. 2001. Genetic Evidence for Two Species of Elephant in Africa. Science, vol. 293. 1473-1477
• Vogel, G. 2001. African Elephant Species Splits in Two. Science, 293: 1414.
• Walsh, P., L. White. 1999. What It Will Take to Monitor Forest Elephant Populations. Conservation Biology, 13: 1194-1202.
• Weber, W., L. White, A. Vedder. 2001. African Rain Forest Ecology & Conservation. Pp. 207-213 in A Turkalo, J Fay, eds. Forest Elephant Behavior and Ecology. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. Accessed October 09, 2008 at http://books.google.com/books?id=iNwfN5ASigUC&pg=PA207&dq=african+forest+elephant&sig=ACfU3U2WknR4HRncZd6lRBLtwCRxOrCG-A#PPT1,M1.
• Wiese, R., K. Willis. 2004. Calculation of longevity and life expectancy in captive elephants. Zoo Biology, 23/4: 365-373. Accessed December 11, 2008 at http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/109580436/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0.
• Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. 2005. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2. 2000
• de Magalhaes, J., J. Costa, O. Toussaint. 2005. "HAGR: the Human Ageing Genomic Resources." (On-line). An Age entry for Loxodonta africana. Accessed December 11, 2008 at http://genomics.senescence.info/species/entry.php?species=Loxodonta_africana.