Dialommus fuscus — Details

Galápagos Four-eyed Blenny learn more about names for this taxon

Overview

Comprehensive Description

Biology

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Intertidal, actively shuttling back and forth between rock pools and air (Ref. 31184). Treks on land as far as 30 m from the sea which it can remarkably carry on due to its physical adaptive modifications like, laterally flattened corneas to avoid myopia and thickening and filament enlargement of the gills for respiration out of water. Feeds on insects and shore crabs.
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Description

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Common names: blenny (English), trambollo (Espanol)
 
Dialommus fuscus (Gilbert, 1891)


Galapagos foureye blenny



Body very elongate; head large, angular, depressed; 1-4 slender cirri over eye, 1 pair of short cirri on nape; surface of eye divided by fleshy bar; teeth in jaws forming narrow bands; teeth on center but not sides of roof of mouth; dorsal fin XXV, 13-15, a notch between spines and rays; anal fin with I, 28, short, stout spine has a fleshy covering; scales very small, smooth, ~ 60 in lateral series.

Light greenish to nearly black with series of 7-9 white blotches along base of dorsal fin, also diffuse white blotches along lower side; lips white and scattered white markings on head and pectoral fin, including a pair of large whitish areas on base of pectoral fin.


Size: grows to at least 12 cm.

Habitat: found in rocky areas of the intertidal zone, often seen above the water line resting on rocks.
  
Depth: 0-5 m.

Galapagos and Cocos Islands.

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Distribution

Range Description

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This species is endemic to the Eastern Pacific, and is only found in the Galápagos and Cocos Islands.
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Eastern Pacific: Galapagos Islands.
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Depth

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Depth Range (m): 0 (S) - 5 (S)
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Zoogeography

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See Map (including site records) of Distribution in the Tropical Eastern Pacific


 
Global Endemism: All species, East Pacific endemic, Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) endemic

Regional Endemism: All species, TEP endemic, TEP oceanic island (s) endemic, Multiple oceanic islands endemic, Island (s), Island (s) only

Residency: Resident

Climate Zone: Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo)

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Physical Description

Morphology

Size

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Length max (cm): 12.0 (S)
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Ecology

Habitat

Habitat and Ecology

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Habitat and Ecology
This benthic intertidal species, actively shuttles back and forth between rock pools and air. It can trek on land as far as 30m from the sea due to its physical adaptive modifications, such as laterally flattened corneas to avoid myopia and thickening and filament enlargement of the gills for respiration out of water (Martin and Bridges 1999).

Systems
  • Marine
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Depth range based on 7 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 6 samples.

Environmental ranges
  Depth range (m): 3 - 5.5
  Temperature range (°C): 22.344 - 24.111
  Nitrate (umol/L): 4.346 - 6.523
  Salinity (PPS): 34.218 - 34.632
  Oxygen (ml/l): 4.215 - 4.710
  Phosphate (umol/l): 0.613 - 0.824
  Silicate (umol/l): 4.346 - 5.791

Graphical representation

Depth range (m): 3 - 5.5

Temperature range (°C): 22.344 - 24.111

Nitrate (umol/L): 4.346 - 6.523

Salinity (PPS): 34.218 - 34.632

Oxygen (ml/l): 4.215 - 4.710

Phosphate (umol/l): 0.613 - 0.824

Silicate (umol/l): 4.346 - 5.791
 
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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Habitat

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Salinity: Marine, Marine Only

Inshore/Offshore: Inshore, Inshore Only

Water Column Position: Bottom, Bottom only

Habitat: Reef (rock &/or coral), Reef only, Rocks, Reef associated (reef + edges-water column & soft bottom)

FishBase Habitat: Demersal
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Environment

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demersal; marine
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Trophic Strategy

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Spending as much as 50% of its time out of the water, after leaving the sea for the first time at about 2.6 cm, D. fuscus is capable of remaining out of the water for 20 minutes or more without wetting its gills (Ref. 28023).
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Feeding

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Feeding Group: Carnivore

Diet: mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs), Insects
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Life History and Behavior

Reproduction

Reproduction

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Egg Type: Benthic, Pelagic larva
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Molecular Biology and Genetics

Molecular Biology

Statistics of barcoding coverage: Dialommus fuscus

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Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Species: 1
Species With Barcodes: 1

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Conservation

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List Assessment

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Red List Category
VU
Vulnerable

Red List Criteria
D2

Version
3.1

Year Assessed
2010

Assessor/s
Hastings, P., Dominici-Arosemena, A.

Reviewer/s
Carpenter, K., Polidoro, B., Livingstone, S. (Global Marine Species Assessment Team)

Contributor/s

Justification
This species is only known from two locations (Cocos and Galápagos Islands).Regional experts support the plausible threat of the increased duration and frequency of ENSO events that can cause severe and rapid declines for restricted-range, shallow-water species in this region of the Eastern Tropical Pacific. This species is listed as Vulnerable under Criterion D2.
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Conservation status

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IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed

CITES: Not listed
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Population

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Population
There is no population information available for this species, but the species is widely distributed within the Galápagos Islands and Cocos Islands.

Population Trend
Unknown
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Threats

Threats

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Major Threats
In the Eastern Tropical Pacific, severe localized fish species declines have occurred after strong ENSO events that result in shallow waters that are too warm and nutrient poor for extended periods of time (Grove 1985, Guzmán and Cortés 1992, Edgar et al. 2009). The frequency and duration of ENSO events in this region of the Eastern Tropical Pacific (e.g. the up-welling zone off the coast of Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Panama, Costa Rica and the offshore islands) appears to be increasing (Glynn and Ault 2000, Soto 2001, Chen et al. 2004). Given this species’ restricted distribution and shallow water habitat, oceanographic environmental changes, such as those associated with future ENSO events, may have detrimental effects on the survival of this species.
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Vulnerable (VU) (D2)
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Management

Conservation Actions

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Conservation Actions
There are no known conservation measures for this species. However, this species' distribution falls within the Galápagos Islands and Cocos Island National Parks and UNESCO World Heritage Sites (WDPA 2006).
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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems

Benefits

Importance

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fisheries: of no interest
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Wikipedia

Dialommus fuscus

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Dialommus fuscus, known commonly as the Galápagos four-eyed blenny in Galapagos Islands and the United Kingdom,[1] is a species of labrisomid blenny.[2] It is a tropical blenny known from around the Galapagos Islands, in the eastern Pacific Ocean.[2] It was described by C.H. Gilbert in 1891.[3] Blennies in this species feed off of insects, worms, and benthic crustaceans.[4]

References

  1. ^ Common names for Dialommus fuscus at www.fishbase.org.
  2. ^ a b Dialommus fuscus at www.fishbase.org.
  3. ^ Gilbert, C.H., 1891 (29 May) [ref. 1624] A supplementary list of fishes collected at the Galapagos Islands and Panama, with descriptions of one new genus and three new species. In: Scientific results of explorations by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross. Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 13 (no. 840): 449-455.
  4. ^ Food items reported for Dialommus fuscus at www.fishbase.org.
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