Rhinobatos glaucostigma — Details

Speckled Guitarfish learn more about names for this taxon

Overview

Comprehensive Description

Description

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Common names: guitarfish (English), guitarra (Espanol)
 
Rhinobatos glaucostigma Jordan & Gilbert, 1883

Speckled guitarfish,     Slaty-spotted guitarfish

Body shark-like; snout moderately long (length before eyes 2.4 times width between spiracles), bluntly pointed, with 2 central relatively wide cartilaginous ridges, that are parallel & well separated throughout their length; spiracle with 2 rear folds, outer fold better developed; mouth straight; nostrils long, oblique, 1.6 in width of mouth, 1.3 in distance between nostrils; 2 large, triangular, equal-sized dorsal fins; first dorsal nearly twice as high as long, origin behind pectorals about same distance as that between the 2 dorsals; tail asymmetrical, without lower lobe; skin covered with minute denticles, smooth to touch; a series of small blunt spines along middle of back, a single group on each shoulder, a few above each eye and around spiracles.

Upper surface grey-brown, with symmetrically arranged blue-grey spots around eyes and on back; margins of pectorals and pelvics pale; a dark blotch and irregular dark patches under snout.

Size: 77 cm.

Habitat: shallow soft bottoms.

Depth: 0-50 m.

Southern Baja and the lower 2/3 of the Gulf of California to Peru.

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Biology

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Benthic in shallow waters over soft bottom (Ref. 9262). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449).
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Distribution

Range Description

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Eastern central and southeast Pacific: ranges from Magdalena Bay, Baja California Sur, Mexico (Galvan 2000) to Ecuador (Amezcua-Linares 1996), including the Gulf of California (McEachran 1995).
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Depth

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Depth Range (m): 0 (G) - 50 (G)
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Zoogeography

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See Map (including site records) of Distribution in the Tropical Eastern Pacific


 
Global Endemism: All species, East Pacific endemic, Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) endemic

Regional Endemism: All species, TEP endemic, Continental TEP endemic, 3 provinces (Cortez + Mexican + Panamic) endemic, Continent, Continent only

Residency: Resident

Climate Zone: North Temperate (Californian Province &/or Northern Gulf of California), Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap), Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos), Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo)

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Eastern Central Pacific: Gulf of California to Ecuador.
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Physical Description

Morphology

Size

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Length max (cm): 77.0 (S)
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Size

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Maximum size: 763 mm TL
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Max. size

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76.3 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 9262))
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Type Information

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Syntype for Rhinobatos glaucostigma
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Collector(s): C. Gilbert
Year Collected: 1880
Locality: Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico, Pacific
  • Syntype: Jordan, D. S. & Gilbert, C. H. 1883. Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 6 (370): 210.
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Syntype for Rhinobatos glaucostigma
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Collector(s): C. Gilbert
Year Collected: 1880
Locality: Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico, Pacific
  • Syntype: Jordan, D. S. & Gilbert, C. H. 1883. Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 6 (370): 210.
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Syntype for Rhinobatos glaucostigma
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Collector(s): C. Gilbert
Year Collected: 1880
Locality: Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico, Pacific
  • Syntype: Jordan, D. S. & Gilbert, C. H. 1883. Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 6 (370): 210.
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Syntype for Rhinobatos glaucostigma
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Collector(s): C. Gilbert
Year Collected: 1880
Locality: Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico, Pacific
  • Syntype: Jordan, D. S. & Gilbert, C. H. 1883. Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 6 (370): 210.
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Ecology

Habitat

Habitat and Ecology

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Habitat and Ecology
Found in tropical waters over soft bottom (Beebe and Tee-Van 1941), from shallow, nearshore regions to 112 m depth (Amezcua-Linares 1996). The maximum total length recorded for this species is 89 cm (total length) (Bizzarro et al. 2007). Reproduction is aplacental viviparous.

Systems
  • Marine
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Depth range based on 7 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 1 sample.

Environmental ranges
  Depth range (m): 2 - 25
  Temperature range (°C): 18.817 - 18.817
  Nitrate (umol/L): 1.767 - 1.767
  Salinity (PPS): 34.178 - 34.178
  Oxygen (ml/l): 4.902 - 4.902
  Phosphate (umol/l): 0.616 - 0.616
  Silicate (umol/l): 4.901 - 4.901

Graphical representation

Depth range (m): 2 - 25
 
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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Habitat

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Salinity: Marine, Brackish

Inshore/Offshore: Inshore, Inshore Only

Water Column Position: Bottom, Bottom only

Habitat: Soft bottom (mud, sand,gravel, beach, estuary & mangrove), Soft bottom only, Mud, Sand & gravel, Estuary

FishBase Habitat: Demersal
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Environment

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demersal; marine
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Trophic Strategy

Feeding

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Feeding Group: Carnivore

Diet: mobile benthic worms, mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs), bony fishes
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Life History and Behavior

Life Cycle

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Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).
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Reproduction

Reproduction

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Egg Type: Live birth, No pelagic larva, No pelagic phase
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Molecular Biology and Genetics

Molecular Biology

Statistics of barcoding coverage: Rhinobatos glaucostigma

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Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Species: 1
Species With Barcodes: 1

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Conservation

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List Assessment

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Red List Category
DD
Data Deficient

Red List Criteria

Version
3.1

Year Assessed
2009

Assessor/s
Bizzarro, J.J.

Reviewer/s
Valenti, S.V. & Fowler, S.L. (Shark Red List Authority)

Contributor/s

Justification
Rhinobatos glaucostigma is a poorly known guitarfish, found shallow waters on soft bottoms from shallow, nearshore regions to 112 m depth in the Eastern Central Pacific Ocean. Ranges from Magdalena Bay, Baja California Sur, Mexico, to Ecuador, including the Gulf of California. Caught in artisanal gillnet fisheries in Sonora and Sinaloa, Mexico, especially during spring and summer months when reproductive aggregations occur in shallow nearshore and insular waters.Almost nothing is known about the biology of this species, its population size or status and it is assessed as Data Deficient at present. Significant declines have been documented in other guitarfish where they are heavily fished and this species could also prove to be threatened.
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Conservation status

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IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed

CITES: Not listed
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Population

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Population
Unknown.

Population Trend
Unknown
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Threats

Threats

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Major Threats
Caught by smallscale, artisanal gillnet fisheries off Bahia de Navidad, Mexico (Godınez-Domınguez et al. 2000). Caught in artisanal gillnet fisheries in Sonora and Sinaloa, Mexico, especially during spring and summer months in association with reproductive aggregations in shallow nearshore and insular waters (Bizzarro et al. 2007). Also reported in landings from Baja California Sur. Whereas R. productus is the dominant guitarfish in Sonora landings, R. glaucostigma replaces this species in coastal waters and in artisanal fisheries landings of Sinaloa (Bizzarro et al. 2007).
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Data deficient (DD)
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Management

Conservation Actions

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Conservation Actions
None in place.
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