Depth range based on 1483 specimens in 9 taxa.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 848 samples.

Environmental ranges
  Depth range (m): 0 - 4050
  Temperature range (°C): 2.233 - 28.199
  Nitrate (umol/L): 0.164 - 31.717
  Salinity (PPS): 32.419 - 36.580
  Oxygen (ml/l): 2.346 - 6.470
  Phosphate (umol/l): 0.038 - 1.926
  Silicate (umol/l): 0.380 - 27.833

Graphical representation

Depth range (m): 0 - 4050

Temperature range (°C): 2.233 - 28.199

Nitrate (umol/L): 0.164 - 31.717

Salinity (PPS): 32.419 - 36.580

Oxygen (ml/l): 2.346 - 6.470

Phosphate (umol/l): 0.038 - 1.926

Silicate (umol/l): 0.380 - 27.833
 
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.

Skin reduces drag: shark
 

The skin of sharks reduces drag by having a scales with longitudinal grooves.

   
  While a shark’s coarse shape is famously hydrodynamic, shark skin is anything but smooth. The very small individual scales of shark skin, called dermal denticles ("little skin teeth"), are ribbed with longitudinal grooves which result in water moving more efficiently over their surface than it would were shark scales completely featureless. Over smooth surfaces, fast-moving water begins to break up into turbulent vortices, or eddies, in part because the water flowing at the surface of an object moves slower than water flowing further away from the object. This difference in water speed causes the faster water to get "tripped up" by the adjacent layer of slower water flowing around an object, just as upstream swirls form along riverbanks. The grooves in a shark’s scales simultaneously reduce eddy formation in a surprising number of ways: (1) the grooves reinforce the direction of flow by channeling it, (2) they speed up the slower water at the shark’s surface (as the same volume of water going through a narrower channel increases in speed), reducing the difference in speed of this surface flow and the water just beyond the shark’s surface, (3) conversely, they pull faster water towards the shark’s surface so that it mixes with the slower water, reducing this speed differential, and finally, (4) they divide up the sheet of water flowing over the shark’s surface so that any turbulence created results in smaller, rather than larger, vortices. (Courtesy of The Biomimicry Institute)
  Learn more about this functional adaptation.

Collection Sites: world map showing specimen collection locations for Sphyrna

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) Stats
                                                             

Specimen Records:	555
Specimens with Sequences:	458
Specimens with Barcodes:	348
Public Records:	200
Species:	12
Species With Barcodes:	11

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