Hisonotus paulinus

Hisonotus is a genus of armored catfishes native to South America.

Taxonomy

Hisonotus and Microlepidogaster have, until recently, been considered as synonymous, although they are now recognized as separate and valid taxa.^[1] In the most recent phylogenetic hypotheses, both Hisonotus and Parotocinclus are relatively basal taxa within the Otothyrini clade.^[2]

Species

There are currently 31 recognized species in this genus: ^[3][4][5][6]

• Hisonotus aky (Azpelicueta, Casciotta, Almirón & Koerber, 2004)
• Hisonotus armatus T. P. Carvalho, Lehmann A., E. H. L. Pereira & R. E. dos Reis, 2008
• Hisonotus bocaiuva Roxo, G. S. C. Silva, C. de Oliveira & Zawadzki, 2013^[6]
• Hisonotus bockmanni M. de Carvalho & Datovo, 2012^[4]
• Hisonotus brunneus T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2011
• Hisonotus carreiro T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2011
• Hisonotus charrua Almirón, Azpelicueta, Casciotta & Litz, 2006
• Hisonotus chromodontus Britski & Garavello, 2007.^[7]
• Hisonotus depressicauda (A. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1918)
• Hisonotus depressinotus (A. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1918)
• Hisonotus francirochai (R. Ihering (pt), 1928)
• Hisonotus heterogaster T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2011
• Hisonotus hungy Azpelicueta, Almirón, Casciotta & Koerber, 2007.^[8]
• Hisonotus insperatus Britski & Garavello, 2003
• Hisonotus iota T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2009
• Hisonotus laevior Cope, 1894
• Hisonotus leucofrenatus (A. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1908)
• Hisonotus leucophrys T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2009
• Hisonotus luteofrenatus Britski & Garavello, 2007.^[7]
• Hisonotus maculipinnis (Regan, 1912)
• Hisonotus megaloplax T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2009
• Hisonotus montanus T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2009
• Hisonotus nigricauda (Boulenger, 1891)
• Hisonotus notatus C. H. Eigenmann & R. S. Eigenmann, 1889
• Hisonotus notopagos T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2011
• Hisonotus paulinus (Regan, 1908)
• Hisonotus piracanjuba de Oliveira Martins & Langeani, 2012^[5]
• Hisonotus prata T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2011
• Hisonotus ringueleti Aquino, S. A. Schaefer & Miquelarena, 2001
• Hisonotus taimensis (Buckup, 1981)
• Hisonotus vireo T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2011

Distribution

Hisonotus species mostly occur in Atlantic coastal streams of southern Brazil and the Paraguay-Paraná system of southern South America.^[2] They are also distributed in the Río de La Plata basin and coastal rivers of southeastern Brazil.^[9]

Description

Species of Hisonotus are the only representatives of the tribe Otothyrini having serrae on the posterior edge of the pectoral fin spine.^[2]

Ecology

Hisonotus species are small fishes, generally found in small fast flowing streams, where they grasp to the branches and leaves of aquatic or subaquatic plants.^[9]

References

1. ^ Andreata, Artur Antonio; Oliveira, Claudio; Foresti, Fausto (2006). "Karyological characterization of four Neotropical fish species of the genus Hisonotus (Teleostei, Loricariidae, Hypoptopomatinae) from distinct Brazilian river basins" (PDF). Genet. Mol. Biol. 29 (1): 62–66. doi:10.1590/S1415-47572006000100013. http://www.scielo.br/pdf/gmb/v29n1/28170.pdf.
2. ^ ^{a b c} Aquino, Adriana E.; Schaefer, Scott A.; Miquelarena, Amalia M. (June 22, 2001). "A New Species of Hisonotus (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) of the Upper Río Uruguay Basin" (PDF). American Museum Novitates (3333): 1–12. http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/2886/1/N3333.pdf.
3. ^ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2013). Species of Hisonotus in FishBase. February 2013 version.
4. ^ ^{a b} Carvalho, M. & Datovo, A. (2012): A New Species of Cascudinho of the Genus Hisonotus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae) from the Upper Rio Tapajós Basin, Brazil. Copeia, 2012 (2): 266-275.
5. ^ ^{a b} Martins, F.O. & Langeani, F. (2012): Hisonotus piracanjuba, a new species of Hypoptopomatinae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the rio Paranaíba, upper rio Paraná system, central Brazil. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 23 (1): 29-36.
6. ^ ^{a b} Roxo, F.F., Silva, G.S.C., Oliveira, C. & Zawadzki, C.H. (2013): Hisonotus bocaiuva, a new species from the rio São Francisco basin, Brazil (Teleostei: Loricariidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 23 (4) [2012]: 319-326.
7. ^ ^{a b} Britski & Garavello, HA.; Garavello, JC. (2007). "Description of two new sympatric species of the genus Hisonotus Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1889, from upper Rio Tapajos, Mato Grosso state, Brazil (Pisces: Ostariophysi: Loricariidae)". Brazilian Journal of Biology 67 (3): 413–420. doi:10.1590/S1519-69842007000300005.
8. ^ Azpelicueta et al. (2007). "Hisonotus hungy sp. n. (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) a new species from arroyo Tirica, Misiones, Argentina". Revue Suisse de Zoologie 114 (3): 591–598.
9. ^ ^{a b} Britski, Heraldo A.; Garavello, Júlio C. (2003). Douglas, M. E.. ed. "Hisonotus insperatus: New Species, from the Upper Rio Paraná Basin (Pisces: Ostariophysi: Loricariidae)". Copeia 2003 (3): 588–593. doi:10.1643/CI-02-23R.

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