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Overview
Brief Summary
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Comprehensive Description
Biology
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Smith-Vaniz, W.F., B.B. Collette and B.E. Luckhurst 1999 Fishes of Bermuda: history, zoogeography, annotated checklist, and identification keys. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists Special Publication No. 4. 424 p. (Ref. 35505)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=35505&speccode=60348
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Description
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Distribution
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Müller, Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France. 307 pp.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=9269
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North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901
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Poll, M. (1945). Contribution à la connaissance de la faune ichtyologique du Bas-Escaut. Bull. Mus. royal d'Hist. Nat. Belg./Med. Kon. Natuurhist. Mus. Belg. 21(11): 1-32
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=1641
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Poll, M. (1943). Poissons marins intéressants ou nouveaux pour la faune de la Côte Belge. Bull. Mus. royal d'Hist. Nat. Belg./Med. Kon. Natuurhist. Mus. Belg. 19(13): 1-20
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=1638
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Hillewaert, H. 2010. Pers. com.
http://www.fishbase.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=141989
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Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas.
http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=sourcedetails&id=145245
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Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2011). Species.ie version 1.0 World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway (version of 15 March 2010).
http://www.marinespecies.org/ascidiacea/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=149068
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A.Boltachev & E. Karpova, IBSS NAS Ukraine
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=149025
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Koukouras, Athanasios. (2010). Check-list of marine species from Greece. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Assembled in the framework of the EU FP7 PESI project.
http://www.marinespecies.org/asteroidea/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=142068
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Dyntaxa (2013) Swedish Taxonomic Database. Accessed at www.dyntaxa.se [15-01-2013].
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=165516
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Harmelin-Vivien, M.L. and J.-C. Quéro 1990 Balistidae. p. 1055-1060. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7348)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7348&speccode=19
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North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901
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- Bigelow, H.B. and Schroeder, W.C., 1953; Harmelin-Vivien, M.L. and J.C. Qu?, 1990; Lieske, E. and R. Myers, 1994; Tortonese, E., 1986; Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986; Whiteheat, P.J.P., Bauchot, M.-L., Hureau, J.-C., Nielsen, J., Tortonese, E., 1984.
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Physical Description
Morphology
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Uyeno, T., K. Matsuura and E. Fujii (eds.) 1983 Fishes trawled off Suriname and French Guiana. Japan Marine Fishery Resource Research Center, Tokyo, Japan. 519 p. (Ref. 13608)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13608&speccode=14336
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Size
Max. size
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IGFA 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=40637&speccode=943
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Harmelin-Vivien, M.L. and J.-C. Quéro 1990 Balistidae. p. 1055-1060. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7348)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7348&speccode=19
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- Bigelow, H.B. and Schroeder, W.C., 1953; Harmelin-Vivien, M.L. and J.C. Qu?, 1990; Lieske, E. and R. Myers, 1994; Tortonese, E., 1986; Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986; Whiteheat, P.J.P., Bauchot, M.-L., Hureau, J.-C., Nielsen, J., Tortonese, E., 1984.
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Diagnostic Description
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Uyeno, T., K. Matsuura and E. Fujii (eds.) 1983 Fishes trawled off Suriname and French Guiana. Japan Marine Fishery Resource Research Center, Tokyo, Japan. 519 p. (Ref. 13608)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13608&speccode=14336
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Ecology
Habitat
Environment
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Florida Museum of Natural History 2005 Biological profiles: gray triggerfish. Retrieved on 26 August 2005, from www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/Graytriggerfish/graytriggerfish.html. Ichthyology at the Florida Museum of Natural History: Education-Biological Profiles. FLMNH, University of Florida. (Ref. 55172)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=55172&speccode=7327
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Harmelin-Vivien, M.L. and J.-C. Quéro 1990 Balistidae. p. 1055-1060. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7348)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7348&speccode=19
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North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901
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North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901
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Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 1267 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 0 - 2012
Temperature range (°C): 4.038 - 27.724
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.217 - 33.242
Salinity (PPS): 32.507 - 37.958
Oxygen (ml/l): 2.516 - 6.548
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.038 - 1.936
Silicate (umol/l): 0.756 - 27.828
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 0 - 2012
Temperature range (°C): 4.038 - 27.724
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.217 - 33.242
Salinity (PPS): 32.507 - 37.958
Oxygen (ml/l): 2.516 - 6.548
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.038 - 1.936
Silicate (umol/l): 0.756 - 27.828
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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- Bigelow, H.B. and Schroeder, W.C., 1953; Harmelin-Vivien, M.L. and J.C. Qu?, 1990; Lieske, E. and R. Myers, 1994; Tortonese, E., 1986; Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986; Whiteheat, P.J.P., Bauchot, M.-L., Hureau, J.-C., Nielsen, J., Tortonese, E., 1984.
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Trophic Strategy
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Lieske, E. and R. Myers 1994 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. (Ref. 9710)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9710&speccode=13770
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- Bigelow, H.B. and Schroeder, W.C., 1953; Harmelin-Vivien, M.L. and J.C. Qu?, 1990; Lieske, E. and R. Myers, 1994; Tortonese, E., 1986; Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986; Whiteheat, P.J.P., Bauchot, M.-L., Hureau, J.-C., Nielsen, J., Tortonese, E., 1984.
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Life History and Behavior
Reproduction
- Bigelow, H.B. and Schroeder, W.C., 1953; Harmelin-Vivien, M.L. and J.C. Qu?, 1990; Lieske, E. and R. Myers, 1994; Tortonese, E., 1986; Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986; Whiteheat, P.J.P., Bauchot, M.-L., Hureau, J.-C., Nielsen, J., Tortonese, E., 1984.
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Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Barcode data: Balistes capriscus
There are 4 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.
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Download FASTA File
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Statistics of barcoding coverage: Balistes capriscus
Public Records: 6
Specimens with Barcodes: 25
Species With Barcodes: 1
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Conservation
Threats
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IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073
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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems
Benefits
Importance
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International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4699&speccode=2590
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Nigrelli, R.F. 1959 Longevity of fishes in captivity, with special reference to those kept in the New York Aquarium. p. 212-230. In G.E.W. Wolstehnolmen and M. O'Connor (eds.) Ciba Foundation Colloquium on Ageing: the life span of animals. Vol. 5., Churchill, London. (Ref. 273)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=273&speccode=2590
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Winterbottom, R. and J.C. Tyler 1981 Balistidae. In W. Fischer, G. Bianchi and W.B. Scott (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Eastern Central Atlantic (Fishing Areas 34, 47 (in part) . Vol. 1. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3571)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3571&speccode=4931
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Wikipedia
Grey triggerfish
The grey triggerfish (Balistes capriscus) is a triggerfish of the western Atlantic, found from Nova Scotia to Argentina.
It is also reported from the Mediterranean sea and off Angola on the west coast of Africa. It has also been reported in the Gulf of Mexico in depths of 5-10 feet.
In its appearance and habits, the Gray Triggerfish is a typical member of the Balistes family except for its drab, uniformly gray coloration. It is a relatively small fish, usually less than 2.3 kilograms (5 pounds) in weight.
The Gray Triggerfish is a notorious bait stealer, found over hard bottom in 20 to 40 meter (60 to 120 foot) depths off the Atlantic Coast of Florida often in association with Black Sea Bass and Red Snapper.
Despite its tough skin, with a texture resembling concrete, it is an excellent food-fish, with firm, tasty white flesh, as served in the form of skinless, boneless fillets.
References
- Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2006). "Balistes capriscus" in FishBase. June 2006 version.
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