The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

• Adams, R. 2000. "Pomoxis nigromaculatus" Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved March 02, 2012 from http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pomoxis_nigromaculatus.html
• Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes. 2003. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada
• Becker, G. 1983. Fishes of Wisconsin. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.
• Bridges, A. Black crappie. Florida Museum of Natural History. Retrieved March 2, 2012 from http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/BlackCrappie/BlackCrappie.html
• Etnier, D.A. and W.C. Starnes0 The fishes of Tennessee. The University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA. (pls. check date).
• Hammerson, G. 2009. Pomoxis annularis. NatureServe, Online Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved March 2, 2012 from http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=POMOXIS+Annularis
• Hammerson, G. 2009. Pomoxis nigromaculatus. NatureServe, Online Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved March 2, 2012 from http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=POMOXIS+NIGROMACULATUS
• IGFA 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637)
• IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
• International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699)
• Jenkins, R., N. Burkhead. 1994. Freshwater Fishes of Virginia. Bethesda, MD: American Fisheries Society.
• Mettee, M., P. O'Neil, J. Pierson. 1996. Fishes of Alabama and the Mobile Basin. Birmingham, AL: Oxmoor House, Inc..
• Murdy, Edward O., Ray S. Birdsong, and John A. Musick. 1997. Fishes of Chesapeake Bay. xi + 324
• Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea and J.D. Williams0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland.
• Nelson, Joseph S., Edwin J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L. T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, et al., eds. 2004. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico, Sixth Edition. American Fisheries Society Special Publication, no. 29. ix + 386
• Newman, L. 1995 Census of fish at the Vancouver aquarium, 1994. Unpublished manuscript. (Ref. 9183)
• Nigrelli, R.F.0 Longevity of fishes in captivity, with special reference to those kept in the New York Aquarium. p. 212-230. In G.E.W. Wolstehnolmen and M. O'Connor (eds.) Ciba Foundation Colloquium on Ageing: the life span of animals. Vol. 5., Churchill, London.
• Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr 1991 A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
• Quinn, S. 2001 How long do fish live?. In-Fisherman 26(5):15. (Ref. 46974)
• Robins, Richard C., Reeve M. Bailey, Carl E. Bond, James R. Brooker, Ernest A. Lachner, et al. 1980. A List of Common and Scientific Names of Fishes from the United States and Canada, Fourth Edition. American Fisheries Society Special Publication, no. 12. 174
• Robins, Richard C., Reeve M. Bailey, Carl E. Bond, James R. Brooker, Ernest A. Lachner, et al. 1991. Common and Scientific Names of Fishes from the United States and Canada, Fifth Edition. American Fisheries Society Special Publication, no. 20. 183
• Robison, H., T. Buchanan. 1988. Fishes of Arkansas. Fayetteville, AR: Universty of Arkansas Press.
• Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman 1973 Freshwater fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 184:1-966. (Ref. 1998)
• Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman0 Freshwater fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 184:1-966.
• Sigler, W., J. Sigler. 1987. Fishes of the Great Basin. Reno, NV: University of Nevada Press.
• Smith, P. 1979. Fishes of Illinois. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
• Texas Parks and Wildlife. Biological profiles: White crappie. Retrieved March 2, 2012 from http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/huntwild/wild/species/wcp/
• Trautman, M. 1981. Fishes of Ohio. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press.
• Turner, J.L. 1966 Distribution and food habits of centrarchid fishes in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. p. 144-153. In J.L. Turner and D.W. Kelly (comp.) Ecological studies of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Part II Fishes of the Delta, Fish. Bull. 136. (Ref. 9672)
• Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 1 March 2012. “Black crappie”. Retrieved March 2, 2012 from en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Black_crappie&oldid=479678978
• Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 1 March 2012. “Crappie”. Retrieved March 2, 2012 from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crappie&oldid=479677568
• Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan.