Ostreidae are the true oysters, and include most species that are commonly eaten under the name oyster. Pearl oysters are not true oysters and belong to the distinct order Pterioida.

Like scallops, true oysters have a central adductor muscle, which means the shell has a characteristic central scar marking its point of attachment. The shell tends to be irregular as a result of attaching to a substrate.

Both oviparous (egg bearing) and larviparous (larvae bearing) species are known within Ostreidae. Both types are hermaphrodites. However, the larviparous species show a pattern of alternating sex within each individual, whereas the oviparous species are simultaneous hermaphrodites, producing either female or male gametes according to circumstances.

Members of genus Ostrea generally live continually immersed and are quite flat, with roundish shells. They differ from most bivalves by having shells completely made up of calcite, but with internal muscle scars of aragonitic composition. They fare best in somewhat oligotrophic water. They brood their fertilized eggs for various proportions of the period from fertilization to hatching.

Members of genera Saccostrea and Crassostrea generally live in the intertidal zone, broadcast sperm and eggs into the sea, and can thrive in eutrophic water. One of the most commonly cultivated oysters is Crassostrea gigas, the Japanese oyster, which is ideally suited for oyster cultivation in seawater ponds.

Genera and species

Crassostrea rhizophorae

• Alectryonella
• Anomiostrea
• Booneostrea
• Crassostrea (Sacco, 1897)
  • Crassostrea angulata (Lamarck 1819) - Portuguese oyster
  • Crassostrea ariakensis (Fujita, 1913) - Suminoe oyster
  • Crassostrea chilensis (Philippi, 1845)
  • Crassostrea columbiensis (Hanley, 1846)
  • Crassostrea corteziensis (Hertlein, 1951)
  • Crassostrea gasar - Mangrove oyster
  • Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Pacific oyster
  • Crassostrea glomerata (Gould, 1850) - Auckland oyster
  • Crassostrea iredalei (Sacco, 1932) - Faustino
  • Crassostrea rhizophorae Guilding
  • Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791) - Eastern oyster
• Cryptostrea (Harry, 1985)
  • Cryptostrea permollis (G. B. Sowerby II, 1871) - Sponge oyster
• Dendostrea (Swainson, 1835)
  • Dendostrea frons (Linnaeus, 1758) - Frond oyster
• Hyotissa
• Lopha (Roding, 1798)
  • Lopha cristagalli (Linnaeus)
  • Lopha frons (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Nanostrea
• Ostrea (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Ostreola
  • Ostreola conchaphila (Carpenter, 1857) - Olympia oyster
  • Ostreola equestris (Say, 1834) - Crested oyster
• Planostrea
• Pretostrea
• Pustulostrea
• Saccostrea
  • Saccostrea glomerata (Iredale and Roughley, 1933) - Sydney rock oyster
  • Saccostrea cuccullata
  • Saccostrea gigas Japanese oyster
• Striostrea
• Teskeyostrea (Harry, 1985)
  • Teskeyostrea weberi (Olsson, 1951) - Threaded oyster, weber oyster
• Tiostrea
  • Tiostrea chilensis the Bluff oyster
  • Tiostrea margariacea the sand oyster

References

Wikispecies has information related to: Ostreidae

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Ostreidae

• "Ostreidae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=79866.