Facts about Roughskin Dogfish (Proscymnodon macracanthus)

Comprehensive Description

Biology

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A rare species inhabiting lower continental slopes (Ref. 26346). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 205).

Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 247) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=247&speccode=88

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Source: FishBase

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Distribution

Range Description

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Known only from the holotype collected at an unrecorded depth from the Straits of Magellan, Chile.

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Source: IUCN

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Distribution

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New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone

Gordon, D. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Volume One: Kingdom Animalia. 584 pp http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=sourcedetails&id=145244

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Source: World Register of Marine Species

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Southeast Pacific: Straits of Magellan. Southwest Pacific: New Zealand (Ref. 26346). Southwest Atlantic: Argentina (Ref. 58839).

Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 247) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=247&speccode=88

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Morphology

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Dorsal spines (total): 2; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 0

Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 247) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=247&speccode=88

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Size

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Maximum size: 680 mm TL

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Max. size

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68.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 247))

Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 247) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=247&speccode=88

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Diagnostic Description

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Dark brown or blackish in color, dorsal fins with fairly prominent fin spines, moderately long snout, lanceolate upper teeth and bladelike lower teeth with short, oblique cusps, stocky body that tapers abruptly from pectoral region, and moderately large tricuspidate and tricarinate lateral trunk denticles (Ref. 247).

Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 247) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=247&speccode=88

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Habitat

Habitat and Ecology

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Habitat and Ecology

Known only from the holotype collected from the Straits of Magellan (depth unrecorded). Holotype was 68 cm total length (TL) (species may attain a larger size). Nothing known of the biology of this deepwater dogfish (Compagno, in prep. a).

Systems

Marine

Source: IUCN

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Depth range based on 1 specimen in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 1 sample.

Environmental ranges
  Depth range (m): 800 - 800
  Temperature range (°C): 8.023 - 8.023
  Nitrate (umol/L): 22.865 - 22.865
  Salinity (PPS): 34.569 - 34.569
  Oxygen (ml/l): 4.933 - 4.933
  Phosphate (umol/l): 1.577 - 1.577
  Silicate (umol/l): 11.062 - 11.062

Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.

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Source: Ocean Biogeographic Information System

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Depth: 650 - 920m.
From 650 to 920 meters.

Habitat: benthopelagic.

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Environment

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bathydemersal; marine; depth range 650 - 920 m (Ref. 26346)

Cox, G. and M. Francis 1997 Sharks and rays of New Zealand. Canterbury Univ. Press, Univ. of Canterbury. 68 p. (Ref. 26346) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26346&speccode=2535

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Life Cycle

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Ovoviviparous (Ref. 26346). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).

Cox, G. and M. Francis 1997 Sharks and rays of New Zealand. Canterbury Univ. Press, Univ. of Canterbury. 68 p. (Ref. 26346) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26346&speccode=2535

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Conservation Status

IUCN Red List Assessment

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Red List Category

DD

Data Deficient

Red List Criteria

Version

3.1

Year Assessed

2004

Assessor/s

Leandro, L. (SSG South America Regional Workshop, June 2003)

Reviewer/s

Kyne, P.M., Cavanagh, R.D. & Fowler, S.L. (Shark Red List Authority)

Justification

Proscymnodon macracanthus is a deepwater dogfish known only from the holotype collected at an unrecorded depth from the Straits of Magellan, Chile. Holotype was 68 cm total length (TL), but species may attain a larger size. Nothing known of its biology. Probably of little interest to fisheries, but insufficient information to assess this species beyond Data Deficient.

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Trends

Population

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Population Trend

Unknown

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Threats

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Major Threats

Of no interest to fisheries at present (Compagno, in prep. a)

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Data deficient (DD)

IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073

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Benefits

Importance

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fisheries: of no interest

Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter 1994 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=171&speccode=2534

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Largespine velvet dogfish

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Sharks portal

The largespine velvet dogfish, Proscymnodon macracanthus, is a sleeper shark of the family Somniosidae, found on the lower continental slopes between latitudes 50°S and 54°S in the southeast Pacific Ocean from the Straits of Magellan, and the southwest Pacific from New Zealand, at depths of between 650 and 920 m. Its length is up to 68 cm.

References

Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2011). "Proscymnodon macracanthus" in FishBase. February 2011 version.
Leandro, L. 2004. Proscymnodon macracanthus. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 3 August 2007.

Extant shark species

Kingdom Animalia · Phylum Chordata · Subphylum Vertebrata · Class Chondrichthyes · Subclass Elasmobranchii

Order Hexanchiformes

Order Squaliformes

Centrophoridae
(Gulper sharks)

Dalatiidae

Echinorhinidae

Echinorhinus

Bramble shark (E. brucus) · Prickly shark (E. cookei)

Etmopteridae

Aculeola	Hooktooth dogfish (A. nigra)

Centroscyllium	Highfin dogfish (C. excelsum) · Black dogfish (C. fabricii) · Granular dogfish (C. granulatum) · Bareskin dogfish (C. kamoharai) · Combtooth dogfish (C. nigrum) · Ornate dogfish (C. ornatum) · Whitefin dogfish (C. ritteri)

Etmopterus (Lantern sharks)	New Zealand lanternshark (E. baxteri) · Blurred lanternshark (E. bigelowi) · Shorttail lanternshark (E. brachyurus) · Lined lanternshark (E. bullisi) · E. burgessi · Cylindrical lanternshark (E. carteri) · Tailspot lanternshark (E. caudistigmus) · Combtooth lanternshark (E. decacuspidatus) · Pink lanternshark (E. dianthus) · E. dislineatus · Blackmouth lanternshark (E. evansi) · Pygmy lanternshark (E. fusus) · Broadbanded lanternshark (E. gracilispinis) · Southern lanternshark (E. granulosus) · Caribbean lanternshark (E. hillianus) · Smalleye lantern shark (E. litvinovi) · Blackbelly lanternshark (E. lucifer) · Slendertail lanternshark (E. molleri) · Dwarf lanternshark (E. perryi) · African lanternshark (E. polli) · Great lanternshark (E. princeps) · False lanternshark (E. pseudosqualiolus) · Smooth lanternshark (E. pusillus) · Dense-scale lantern shark (E. pycnolepis) · West Indian lanternshark (E. robinsi) · Fringefin lanternshark (E. schultzi) · Thorny lanternshark (E. sentosus) · Velvet belly lantern shark (E. spinax) · Splendid lanternshark (E. splendidus) · Tasmanian lanternshark (E. tasmaniensis) · Brown lanternshark (E. unicolor) · Hawaiian lanternshark (E. villosus) · Green lanternshark (E. virens)

Miroscyllium	Rasptooth dogfish (M. sheikoi)

Trigonognathus	Viper dogfish (T. kabeyai)

Oxynotidae
(Rough sharks)

Oxynotus

Prickly dogfish (O. bruniensis) · Caribbean roughshark (O. caribbaeus) · Angular roughshark (O. centrina) · Japanese roughshark (O. japonicus) · Sailfin roughshark (O. paradoxus)

Somniosidae
(Sleeper sharks)

Squalidae
(Dogfish sharks)

Order Pristiophoriformes (Sawsharks)

Pristiophoridae

Pliotrema	Sixgill sawshark (P. warreni)

Pristiophorus	Longnose sawshark (P. cirratus) · Tropical sawshark (P. delicatus) · Japanese sawshark (P. japonicus) · Shortnose sawshark (P. nudipinnis) · Bahamas sawshark (P. schroederi) · Eastern Australian sawshark (Pristiophorus peroniensis) · Philippine sawshark (Pristiophorus sp. C) · Dwarf sawshark (Pristiophorus sp. D)

Order Squatiniformes (Angel sharks)

Order Heterodontiformes (Bullhead sharks)

Order Orectolobiformes (Carpet sharks)

Brachaeluridae

Brachaelurus	Blind shark (B. waddi)

Heteroscyllium	Bluegrey carpetshark (H. colcloughi)

Ginglymostomatidae
(Nurse sharks)

Ginglymostoma	Nurse shark (G. cirratum)

Nebrius	Tawny nurse shark (N. ferrugineus)

Pseudoginglymostoma	Short-tail nurse shark (P. brevicaudatum)

Hemiscylliidae
(Bamboo sharks)

Orectolobidae
(Wobbegongs)

Parascylliidae
(Collared carpet sharks)

Cirrhoscyllium	Barbelthroat carpetshark (C. expolitum) · Taiwan saddled carpetshark (C. formosanum) · Saddle carpetshark (C. japonicum)

Parascyllium	Collared carpetshark (P. collare) · Rusty carpetshark (P. ferrugineum) · Ginger carpetshark (P. sparsimaculatum) · Necklace carpetshark (P. variolatum)

Rhincodontidae

Rhincodon

Whale shark (R. typus)

Stegostomatidae

Stegostoma

Zebra shark (S. fasciatum)

Order Carcharhiniformes (Ground sharks)

Hemigaleidae
(Weasel sharks)

Leptochariidae

Leptocharias

Barbeled houndshark (L. smithii)

Proscylliidae
(Finback sharks)

Ctenacis	Harlequin catshark (C. fehlmanni)

Eridacnis	Cuban ribbontail catshark (E. barbouri) · Pygmy ribbontail catshark (E. radcliffei) · African ribbontail catshark (E. sinuans)

Proscyllium	Graceful catshark (P. habereri) · P. venustum

Pseudotriakidae

Gollum	Slender smooth-hound (G. attenuatus)

Pseudotriakis	False catshark (P. microdon)

Sphyrnidae
(Hammerhead sharks)

Eusphyra	Winghead shark (E. blochii)

Sphyrna	Scalloped bonnethead (S. corona) · Whitefin hammerhead (S. couardi) · Scalloped hammerhead (S. lewini) · Scoophead (S. media) · Great hammerhead (S. mokarran) · Bonnethead (S. tiburo) · Smalleye hammerhead (S. tudes) · Smooth hammerhead (S. zygaena)

Triakidae
(Houndsharks)

Furgaleus	Whiskery shark (F. macki)

Galeorhinus	School shark (G. galeus)

Gogolia	Sailback houndshark (G. filewoodi)

Hemitriakis	Deepwater sicklefin hound shark (H. abdita) · Sicklefin hound shark (H. falcata) · Japanese topeshark (H. japanica) · Whitefin topeshark (H. leucoperiptera) · Ocelate topeshark (Hemitriakis Sp.A)

Hypogaleus	Blacktip tope (H. hyugaensis)

Iago	Longnose houndshark (I. garricki) · Bigeye houndshark (I. omanensis) · Lowfin houndshark (Iago Sp.A)

Mustelus (Smooth-hounds)	M. albipinnis · Gummy shark (M. antarcticus) · Starry smooth-hound (M. asterias) · Grey smooth-hound (M. californicus) · Dusky smooth-hound (M. canis) · Sharptooth smooth-hound (M. dorsalis) · Striped smooth-hound (M. fasciatus) · Spotless smooth-hound (M. griseus) · Brown smooth-hound (M. henlei) · Smalleye smooth-hound (M. higmani) · Spotted estuary smooth-hound (M. lenticulatus) · Sicklefin smooth-hound (M. lunulatus) · Starspotted smooth-hound (M. manazo) · Speckled smooth-hound (M. mento) · M. minicanis · Arabian smooth-hound (M. mosis) · Common smooth-hound (M. mustelus) · Narrowfin smooth-hound (M. norrisi) · Whitespotted smooth-hound (M. palumbes) · Blackspotted smooth-hound (M. punctulatus) · M. ravidus · Narrownose smooth-hound (M. schmitti) · Gulf smoothhound (M. sinusmexicanus) · Humpback smooth-hound (M. whitneyi) · M. widodoi

Scylliogaleus	Flapnose houndshark (S. quecketti)

Triakis	Sharpfin houndshark (T. acutipinna) · Spotted houndshark (T. maculata) · Sharptooth houndshark (T. megalopterus) · Banded houndshark (T. scyllium) · Leopard shark (T. semifasciata)

Carcharhinidae

Large family listed below

Scyliorhinidae

Large family listed below

Family Carcharhinidae (Requiem sharks)

Carcharhinus	Blacknose shark (C. acronotus) · Silvertip shark (C. albimarginatus) · Bignose shark (C. altimus) · Graceful shark (C. amblyrhynchoides) · Grey reef shark (C. amblyrhynchos) · Pigeye shark (C. amboinensis) · Borneo shark (C. borneensis) · Copper shark (C. brachyurus) · Spinner shark (C. brevipinna) · Nervous shark (C. cautus) · Whitecheek shark (C. dussumieri) · Silky shark (C. falciformis) · Creek whaler (C. fitzroyensis) · Galapagos shark (C. galapagenisis) · Pondicherry shark (C. hemiodon) · Finetooth shark (C. isodon) · Smoothtooth blacktip shark (C. leiodon) · Bull shark (C. leucas) · Blacktip shark (C. limbatus) · Oceanic whitetip shark (C. longimanus) · Hardnose shark (C. macloti) · Blacktip reef shark (C. melanopterus) · Dusky shark (C. obscurus) · Caribbean reef shark (C. perezii) · Sandbar shark (C. plumbeus) · Smalltail shark (C. porosus) · Blackspot shark (C. sealei) · Night shark (C. signatus) · Spottail shark (C. sorrah) · Australian blacktip shark (C. tilstoni)

Galeocerdo	Tiger shark (G. cuvier)

Glyphis (River sharks)	Ganges shark (G. gangeticus) · Northern river shark (G. garricki) · Speartooth shark (G. glyphis) · Irrawaddy river shark (G. siamensis) · Borneo river shark (Glyphis sp. B)

Isogomphodon	Daggernose shark (I. oxyrhynchus)

Lamiopsis	Broadfin shark (L. temminckii)

Loxodon	Sliteye shark (L. macrorhinus)

Nasolamia	Whitenose shark (N. velox)

Negaprion	Sicklefin lemon shark (N. acutidens) · Lemon shark (N. brevirostris)

Prionace	Blue shark (P. glauca)

Rhizoprionodon	Milk shark (R. acutus) · Brazilian sharpnose shark (R. lalandii) · Pacific sharpnose shark (R. longurio) · Grey sharpnose shark (R. oligolinx) · Caribbean sharpnose shark (R. porosus) · Australian sharpnose shark (R. taylori) · Atlantic sharpnose shark (R. terraenovae)

Scoliodon	Spadenose shark (S. laticaudus)

Triaenodon	Whitetip reef shark (T. obesus)

Family Scyliorhinidae (Catsharks)

Apristurus	Flatnose cat shark (A. acanutus) · A. albisoma · A. aphyodes · Atlantic ghost catshark (A. atlanticus) · Brown catshark (A. brunneus) · Hoary catshark (A. canutus) · Flaccid catshark (A. exsanguis) · A. fedorovi · Humpback cat shark (A. gibbosus) · Longfin catshark (A. herklotsi) · Smallbelly catshark (A. indicus) · A. internatus · Broadnose catshark (A. investigatoris) · Japanese catshark (A. japonicus) · Longnose catshark (A. kampae) · Iceland catshark (A. laurussonii) · Longhead catshark (A. longicephalus) · Flathead catshark (A. macrorhynchus) · Broadmouth cat shark (A. macrostomus) · Ghost catshark (A. manis) · Black roughscale catshark (A. melanoasper) · Smalleye catshark (A. microps) · Smalldorsal cat shark (A. micropterygeus) · Largenose catshark (A. nasutus) · Smallfin catshark (A. parvipinnis) · A. pinguis · Spatulasnout catshark (A. platyrhynchus) · Deepwater catshark (A. profundorum) · Broadgill catshark (A. riveri) · Saldanha catshark (A. saldanha) · Pale catshark (A. sibogae) · South China catshark (A. sinensis) · Spongehead catshark (A. spongiceps) · Panama ghost catshark (A. stenseni)

Asymbolus	Australian spotted catshark (A. analis) · A. funebris · Western spotted catshark (A. occiduus) · Pale spotted catshark (A. pallidus) · A. parvus · A. rubiginosus · Variegated catshark (A. submaculatus) · Gulf catshark (A. vincenti)

Atelomycterus	A. baliensis · Banded sand catshark (A. fasciatus) · Australian marbled catshark (A. macleayi) · Coral catshark (A. marmoratus)

Aulohalaelurus	New Caledonia catshark (A. kanakorum) · Australian blackspotted catshark (A. labiosus)

Cephaloscyllium	Whitefin swellshark (C. albipinnum) · Circle-blotch pygmy swellshark (C. circulopullum) · Cook's swellshark (C. cooki) · Reticulated swellshark (C. fasciatum) · Australian reticulate swellshark (C. hicosellum) · Draughtsboard shark (C. isabellum) · Australian swellshark (C. laticeps) · Spotted swellshark (C. maculatum) · Leopard-spotted swellshark (C. pardelotum) · Painted swellshark (C. pictum) · Sarawak pygmy swellshark (C. sarawakensis) · Flagtail swellshark (C. signourum) · Indian swellshark (C. silasi) · Speckled swellshark (C. speccum) · Balloon shark (C. sufflans) · Blotchy swellshark (C. umbratile) · Saddled swellshark (C. variegatum) · Swellshark (C. ventriosum) · Narrowbar swellshark (C. zebrum)

Cephalurus	Lollipop catshark (C. cephalus)

Figaro	Australian sawtail catshark (F. boardmani) · Northern sawtail catshark (F. striatus)

Galeus	Antilles catshark (G. antillensis) · Roughtail catshark (G. arae) · Atlantic sawtail cat shark (G. atlanticus) · Longfin sawtail cat shark (G. cadenati) · Gecko catshark (G. eastmani) · Slender sawtail catshark (G. gracilis) · Longnose sawtail cat shark (G. longirostris) · Blackmouth catshark (G. melastomus) · Southern sawtail catshark (G. mincaronei) · Mouse catshark (G. murinus) · Broadfin sawtail catshark (G. nipponensis) · Peppered catshark (G. piperatus) · African sawtail catshark (G. polli) · G. priapus · Blacktip sawtail catshark (G. sauteri) · Dwarf sawtail catshark (G. schultzi) · Springer's sawtail cat shark (G. springeri)

Halaelurus	Arabian catshark (H. alcockii) · Speckled catshark (H. boesemani) · Blackspotted catshark (H. buergeri) · Dusky catshark (H. canescens) · Broadhead cat shark (H. clevai) · New Zealand catshark (H. dawsoni) · Bristly catshark (H. hispidus) · Spotless catshark (H. immaculatus) · Lined catshark (H. lineatus) · Mud catshark (H. lutarius) · Tiger catshark (H. natalensis) · Quagga catshark (H. quagga)

Haploblepharus	Puffadder shyshark (H. edwardsii) · Brown shyshark (H. fuscus) · Natal shyshark (H. kistnasamyi) · Dark shyshark (H. pictus)

Holohalaelurus	H. favus · H. grennian · Crying izak (H. melanostigma) · African spotted catshark (H. punctatus) · Izak catshark (H. regani)

Parmaturus	White-tip catshark (P. albimarginatus) · White-clasper catshark (P. albipenis) · Beige catshark (P. bigus) · Campeche catshark (P. campechiensis) · Velvet catshark (P. lanatus) · McMillan's catshark (P. macmillani) · Blackgill catshark (P. melanobranchus) · Salamander shark (P. pilosus) · Filetail catshark (P. xaniurus) · Shorttail catshark (Parmaturus sp. A)

Pentanchus	Onefin catshark (P. profundicolus)

Poroderma	Pyjama catshark (P. africanum) · Leopard catshark (P. pantherinum)

Schroederichthys	Narrowmouthed catshark (S. bivius) · Redspotted catshark (S. chilensis) · Narrowtail catshark (S. maculatus) · Lizard catshark (S. saurisqualus) · Slender catshark (S. tenuis)

Scyliorhinus	Polkadot catshark (S. besnardi) · Boa catshark (S. boa) · Small-spotted catshark (S. canicula) · Yellowspotted catshark (S. capensis) · West African catshark (S. cervigoni) · Comoro cat shark (S. comoroensis) · Brownspotted catshark (S. garmani) · Freckled catshark (S. haeckelii) · Whitesaddled catshark (S. hesperius) · Blotched catshark (S. meadi) · Chain catshark (S. retifer) · Nursehound (S. stellaris) · Izu cat shark (S. tokubee) · Cloudy catshark (S. torazame) · Dwarf catshark (S. torrei)

Order Lamniformes (Mackerel sharks)

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Proscymnodon macracanthus — Details

Roughskin Dogfish learn more about names for this taxon

Table of Contents

Overview

Comprehensive Description

Biology

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Distribution

Range Description

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Distribution

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Physical Description

Morphology

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Size

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Max. size

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Diagnostic Description

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Ecology

Habitat

Habitat and Ecology

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Environment

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Life History and Behavior

Life Cycle

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Conservation

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List Assessment

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Trends

Population

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Threats

Threats

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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems

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Largespine velvet dogfish

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