Table of Contents
Overview
Comprehensive Description
Biology
Like C. boenak, it prefers shallow dead or silty reefs and this may account for the primarily continental distributions of these two species.
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Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5222&speccode=12
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Distribution
Indo-West Pacific: western India to Philippines, north to southern Japan (Honshu), south to northern Australia. 'Epinephelus formosus' from Madagascar (Ref. 6457), Réunion and Mauritius (Ref. 6458) are probably based on misidentifications of Cephalopholis polleni. Confused with Cephalopholis boenak.
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Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5222&speccode=12
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Range Description
Cephalopholis formosa is an Indo-West Pacific species distributed from western India to the Philippines, north to southern Japan (Honshu), and south to northern Australia. 'Epinephelus formosus' from Madagascar, Réunion and Mauritius are probably based on mis-identifications of Cephalopholis polleni. The species is confused with Cephalopholis boenak.
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Mozambique
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Anon. (2000). FishBase 2000 [CD-ROM]. ICLARM: Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. 4 cd-roms pp.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=6542
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Eastern Indian Ocean, Western Pacific: India east to Phippines, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia.
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Physical Description
Morphology
Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 15 - 17; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 7 - 8
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Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5222&speccode=12
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Size
Max. size
34.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 4787))
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Randall, J.E. and P.C. Heemstra 1991 Revision of Indo-Pacific groupers (Perciformes: Serranidae: Epinephelinae), with descriptions of five new species. Indo-Pac. Fish. (20):332 p. (Ref. 4787)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4787&speccode=4826
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Ecology
Habitat
Environment
reef-associated; non-migratory; marine; depth range 10 - 30 m
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Habitat and Ecology
Habitat and Ecology
Systems
Cephalopholis formosa is a reef-associated species that prefers shallow (10 to 30 m) dead or silty reefs. This may account for the primarily continental distributions of this species and C. boenak. Within this range it generally doesn’t occur around oceanic islands and atolls (except the Lakshadweeps).
No detailed biological information is available, but the maximum recorded size is 34 cm TL.
No detailed biological information is available, but the maximum recorded size is 34 cm TL.
Systems
- Marine
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Depth range based on 11 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 8 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 2 - 51
Temperature range (°C): 27.271 - 28.885
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.000 - 1.522
Salinity (PPS): 32.182 - 34.498
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.223 - 4.523
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.128 - 0.350
Silicate (umol/l): 3.511 - 6.656
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 2 - 51
Temperature range (°C): 27.271 - 28.885
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.000 - 1.522
Salinity (PPS): 32.182 - 34.498
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.223 - 4.523
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.128 - 0.350
Silicate (umol/l): 3.511 - 6.656
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 8 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 2 - 51
Temperature range (°C): 27.271 - 28.885
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.000 - 1.522
Salinity (PPS): 32.182 - 34.498
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.223 - 4.523
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.128 - 0.350
Silicate (umol/l): 3.511 - 6.656
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 2 - 51
Temperature range (°C): 27.271 - 28.885
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.000 - 1.522
Salinity (PPS): 32.182 - 34.498
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.223 - 4.523
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.128 - 0.350
Silicate (umol/l): 3.511 - 6.656
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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Depth: 10 - 30m.
From 10 to 30 meters.
Habitat: reef-associated.
From 10 to 30 meters.
Habitat: reef-associated.
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Trophic Strategy
Occurs in inshore waters of the continental shelf (Ref. 75154).
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Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen 2006 Biodiversity and living resources of the coral reef fishes in Vietnam marine waters. Science and Technology Publishing House, Hanoi. (Ref. 58534)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58534&speccode=7294
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Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Barcode data: Cephalopholis formosa
The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.
There are 2 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.
Download FASTA File
There are 2 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.
CCTTTATCTAGTCTTCGGTGCCTGGGCCGGTATAGTAGGGACAGCACTTAGCCTGCTAATCCGAGCTGAATTGAGCCAACCAGGTGCTCTACTGGGCGATGATCAAATTTATAATGTTATCGTTACAGCACATGCTTTCGTAATAATTTTCTTTATAGTAATACCAATTATGATTGGTGGTTTCGGAAACTGACTTATTCCACTGATAATTGGTGCCCCCGACATAGCTTTCCCCCGGATAAACAACATGAGCTTTTGACTCCTGCCTCCATCTTTCTTGCTCCTGCTAGCCTCATCTGGGGTAGAAGCAGGTGCGGGTACTGGCTGAACAGTCTACCCTCCCCTAGCCGGTAACCTAGCCCATGCAGGTGCTTCTGTTGATTTAACAATCTTTTCACTGCATTTAGCAGGTATTTCATCAATTCTAGGAGCAATTAACTTTATCACAACCATTATTAACATAAAACCTCCAGCCATCTCCCAGTATCAAACACCCCTATTTGTATGAGCTGTATTAATTACAGCTGTTCTCCTCCTTCTTTCCCTCCCTGTTCTCGCTGCAGGTATTACAATGCTTCTAACTGATCGAAACCTGAACACCACCTTCTTTGACCCAGCTGGTGGAGGAGACCCAATTCTTTACCAGCATCTG
-- end --
-- end --
Download FASTA File
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Statistics of barcoding coverage: Cephalopholis formosa
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 6
Specimens with Barcodes: 11
Species With Barcodes: 1
Public Records: 6
Specimens with Barcodes: 11
Species With Barcodes: 1
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Conservation
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List Assessment
Red List Category
LC
Least Concern
Red List Criteria
Version
3.1
Year Assessed
2008
Assessor/s
Pollard, D., Heemstra, P.C., Myers, R. & Fennessy, S.
Reviewer/s
Sadovy, Y. & Moss, K. (Grouper and Wrasse Red List Authority)
Contributor/s
Justification
Cephalopholis formosa is assessed as Least Concern as it is regarded as too small to be targeted in commercial fisheries, and for this reason it is probably of little interest or importance as a marketable food fish. It is, however, probably taken incidentally in local artisinal and subsistence fisheries, and can be caught by hook and line, and in traps and trawls. No specific threats to its populations are known. It tolerates at least moderate habitat disturbance.
This species was recently moved from the Data Deficient list to the Least Concern list for the Northern Territory (NT) (Australia) by the NT Government, on advice from NT Fisheries and the NT Museum, because it was found to be generally common in NT waters.
This species was recently moved from the Data Deficient list to the Least Concern list for the Northern Territory (NT) (Australia) by the NT Government, on advice from NT Fisheries and the NT Museum, because it was found to be generally common in NT waters.
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Trends
Population
Population
Population Trend
The population status of Cephalopholis formosa is unknown, but the species is apparently relatively common, for example, in western India (Sluka and Lazarus, unpub.). There are, however, no known separate fisheries statistics.
Population Trend
Unknown
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Threats
Least Concern (LC)
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IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073
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Major Threats
Cephalopholis formosa is threatened with overfishing through incidental catch.
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Management
Conservation Actions
Conservation Actions
Cephalopholis formosa occurs in marine protected areas throughout its range. No other known actions are reported for this species.
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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems
Benefits
Importance
fisheries: subsistence fisheries
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Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter 1994 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=171&speccode=2534
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Wikipedia
Cephalopholis formosa
A Grouper from the Indo-West Pacific that occasionally makes its way into the aquarium trade. It grows to a size of 34cm in length.
References
- Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2008). "Cephalopholis formosa" in FishBase. December 2008 version.
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