Lives in coastal waters at shallow depths, generally from 10-20 m, more seldom from 75-100 m, on rocky bottom with seaweeds. Solitary and secretive, undertakes only limited local movements. Spawns from May to September at 50-70 m depth near the shore throughout its entire range. Feeds on sea stars, crustaceans, worms, mollusks and small fish (Ref. 1371).

Baltic sea, English Channel, European waters (ERMS scope), Irish Exclusive economic Zone, Norwegian Exclusive Economic Zone, Oostende, Oosterschelde, Portugese Exclusive Economic Zone, Spanish Exclusive Economic Zone, United Kingdom Exclusive Economic Zone, Wenduine Bank, Westerschelde, Wimereux, Zeeschelde

Northeast Atlantic: Trondheim on the Norwegian coast to the Bay of Biscay; also around the British Isles.

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Analspines: 0

Maximum size: 275 mm TL

27.5 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 1371))

Head depressed. First dorsal fin poorly developed, with only three short rays. Color uniformly dark brown or bluish brown; the lips and the distal areas of all fins paler except for the pectorals.

Depth range based on 72 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 31 samples.

Environmental ranges
  Depth range (m): -9 - 175
  Temperature range (°C): 6.506 - 11.650
  Nitrate (umol/L): 2.055 - 11.983
  Salinity (PPS): 33.544 - 35.361
  Oxygen (ml/l): 5.854 - 6.611
  Phosphate (umol/l): 0.316 - 0.802
  Silicate (umol/l): 2.402 - 4.966

Graphical representation

Depth range (m): -9 - 175

Temperature range (°C): 6.506 - 11.650

Nitrate (umol/L): 2.055 - 11.983

Salinity (PPS): 33.544 - 35.361

Oxygen (ml/l): 5.854 - 6.611

Phosphate (umol/l): 0.316 - 0.802

Silicate (umol/l): 2.402 - 4.966
 
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.

Depth: 10 - 100m.
From 10 to 100 meters.

Habitat: demersal.

demersal; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); brackish; marine; depth range 0 - 100 m (Ref. 35388), usually 10 - 20 m

Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.

Lives in coastal waters at shallow depths, generally from 10-20 m, more seldom from 75-100 m, on rocky bottom with seaweeds. Solitary and secretive, undertakes only limited local movements. Spawns from May to September at 50-70 m depth near the shore throughout its entire range. Feeds on sea stars, crustaceans, worms, molluscs and small fish.

Not Evaluated

fisheries: of no interest; aquarium: public aquariums