Symphurus chabanaudi — Details

Chabanaud's Tonguefish learn more about names for this taxon

Overview

Comprehensive Description

Description

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Common names: tonguefish (English), lengua (Espanol), lengüeta (Espanol)
 
Symphurus chabanaudi Mahadeva & Munroe, 1990


Darkcheek tonguefish,     Chabanaud's tonguefish



Body highly compressed,  elongate, oval, tapers to pointed tail; small close-set eyes on left side, pupils without covers; snout rounded; mouth small, curved, strongly so on blind side; margin of preoperculum concealed by skin and scales; dorsal origin ~ above upper eye; dorsal rays 98-109; anal rays 82-92;  dorsal and anal fins confluent with the pointed tail fin; only left pelvic fin present, 4 rays, on body midline, joined to anal fin by delicate membrane; pectoral fins absent, represented by a fine membrane;  tail with 12 rays; no lateral line; scales rough, on both sides of body; small rough scales present on blind side dorsal and anal fin rays; scales in longitudinal series 91-104.



Light brown with 5-8 darker brown cross bars; a blackish blotch on lower opercle; dorsal and anal fins pale to dark brown, darker at rear; lining of gut cavity unpigmented.


Size: reaches about 24 cm.

Inhabits soft sand or silt-mud bottoms.

Depth: 1-60 m.



Gulf of California to Peru.

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Biology

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Common over muddy bottoms in estuaries and mangroves (Ref. 9294).
  • Munroe, T.A., F. Krupp and M. Schneider 1995 Cynoglossidae. Lenguas, lenguetas. p. 1039-1059. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9294)   http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9294&speccode=13632 External link.
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Distribution

Range Description

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This eastern tropical Pacific species is found from the Gulf of California to northern Peru.
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Depth

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Depth Range (m): 1 (S) - 60 (S)
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Zoogeography

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See Map (including site records) of Distribution in the Tropical Eastern Pacific


 
Global Endemism: All species, East Pacific endemic, Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) endemic

Regional Endemism: All species, TEP endemic, Continental TEP endemic, 3 provinces (Cortez + Mexican + Panamic) endemic, Continent, Continent only

Residency: Resident

Climate Zone: North Temperate (Californian Province &/or Northern Gulf of California), Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap), Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos), Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo)

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Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California to Peru.
  • Munroe, T.A., F. Krupp and M. Schneider 1995 Cynoglossidae. Lenguas, lenguetas. p. 1039-1059. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9294)   http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9294&speccode=13632 External link.
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Physical Description

Morphology

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Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 98 - 109; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 82 - 92; Vertebrae: 52 - 57
  • Munroe, T.A., F. Krupp and M. Schneider 1995 Cynoglossidae. Lenguas, lenguetas. p. 1039-1059. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9294)   http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9294&speccode=13632 External link.
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Size

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Length max (cm): 24.0 (S)
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Size

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Maximum size: 233 mm SL
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Max. size

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25.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 55763))
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Diagnostic Description

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Body flat and elongated, with an oval anterior border; both eyes on left side; dorsal fin with 98 to 109 rays; anal fin with 82 to 92 rays; caudal fin with 12 rays; body light to dark brown, usually with 6 to 8 transverse bars of contrasting color; lower half operculum on the eyed side with a large dark stain; dorsal and anal fins progressively darker distally (Ref. 55763).
  • Munroe, T.A., F. Krupp and M. Schneider 1995 Cynoglossidae. Lenguas, lenguetas. p. 1039-1059. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9294)   http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9294&speccode=13632 External link.
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Type Information

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Paratype for Symphurus sechurae
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Year Collected: 1941
Locality: Peru: Sechura Bay, near Sechura, off mouth of the Piura River, Peru, Pacific
  • Paratype:
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Holotype for Symphurus sechurae
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Preparation: Illustration
Year Collected: 1941
Locality: Peru: Sechura Bay, near Sechura, off mouth of the Piura River, Peru, Pacific
  • Holotype:
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Ecology

Habitat

Habitat and Ecology

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Habitat and Ecology
This species is common over muddy substrata in estuaries, mangroves, and on the inner continental shelf. It feeds on mobile invertebrates, and has pelagic eggs and larvae (Munroe et al. 1995). This species is found from 1-60m.

Systems
  • Freshwater
  • Marine
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Depth range based on 51 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 4 samples.

Environmental ranges
  Depth range (m): 1.5 - 275
  Temperature range (°C): 13.799 - 27.859
  Nitrate (umol/L): 1.464 - 31.128
  Salinity (PPS): 33.041 - 35.999
  Oxygen (ml/l): 0.373 - 4.539
  Phosphate (umol/l): 0.071 - 2.244
  Silicate (umol/l): 3.091 - 24.753

Graphical representation

Depth range (m): 1.5 - 275

Temperature range (°C): 13.799 - 27.859

Nitrate (umol/L): 1.464 - 31.128

Salinity (PPS): 33.041 - 35.999

Oxygen (ml/l): 0.373 - 4.539

Phosphate (umol/l): 0.071 - 2.244

Silicate (umol/l): 3.091 - 24.753
 
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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Depth: 0 - 60m.
Recorded at 60 meters.

Habitat: demersal. Found in relatively shallow waters (Ref. 9294). Common over muddy bottoms in estuaries and mangroves (Ref. 9294). Of little commercial value (Ref. 9294).
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Habitat

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Salinity: Marine, Brackish, Freshwater

Inshore/Offshore: Inshore, Inshore Only

Water Column Position: Bottom, Bottom only

Habitat: Soft bottom (mud, sand,gravel, beach, estuary & mangrove), Soft bottom only, Mud, Sand & gravel, Estuary, Mangrove

FishBase Habitat: Demersal
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Environment

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demersal; brackish; marine; depth range 0 - 60 m (Ref. 9294), usually 0 - 28 m (Ref. 9294)
  • Munroe, T.A., F. Krupp and M. Schneider 1995 Cynoglossidae. Lenguas, lenguetas. p. 1039-1059. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9294)   http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9294&speccode=13632 External link.
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Trophic Strategy

Feeding

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Feeding Group: Carnivore

Diet: mobile benthic worms, mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs), mobile benthic gastropods/bivalves
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Life History and Behavior

Reproduction

Reproduction

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Egg Type: Pelagic, Pelagic larva
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Molecular Biology and Genetics

Molecular Biology

Statistics of barcoding coverage: Symphurus chabanaudi

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Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Species: 1
Species With Barcodes: 1

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Conservation

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List Assessment

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Red List Category
LC
Least Concern

Red List Criteria

Version
3.1

Year Assessed
2010

Assessor/s
Munroe, T., Nielsen, J.G., Tyler, J.

Reviewer/s
Carpenter, K., Polidoro, B., Livingstone, S. (Global Marine Species Assessment Team)

Justification
This species is common, has a broad distribution, has no major threats, and is found within several Marine Protected Areas. Therefore, this species is listed as Least Concern.
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Conservation status

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IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed

CITES: Not listed
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Population

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Population
This species is common within its range. There is no population information for this species.

Population Trend
Unknown
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Threats

Threats

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Major Threats
This species has no major threats.
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Least Concern (LC)
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Management

Conservation Actions

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Conservation Actions
There are no species specific conservation measures. However, this species' distribution includes a number of Marine Protected Areas in the tropical eastern Pacific region.
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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems

Benefits

Importance

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fisheries: minor commercial
  • Munroe, T.A., F. Krupp and M. Schneider 1995 Cynoglossidae. Lenguas, lenguetas. p. 1039-1059. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9294)   http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9294&speccode=13632 External link.
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