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Monolene dubiosa — Details

Acapulco Flounder learn more about names for this taxon

Overview

Comprehensive Description

Description

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Common names: flounder (English), lenguado (Espanol)

Monolene dubiosa Garman, 1899

Acapulco flounder, Asaedae flounder, Dark flounder

Body elongate (depth 33-37% of SL), tapering to tail; snout very short (< eye); eyes on left side of head, close together, with a spineless crest between them; lower eye originates slightly before top eye; mouth short, ends ~ front edge lower eye; teeth ~ equally developed on jaws on both eye- and blind-sides; 76-85 dorsal rays; 58-66 anal rays; pectoral short, ≤ ½ length of head, 9-12 rays, no pectoral on blind side in adults; base of eye-side pelvic slightly longer than base of blind-side fin, with origin behind lower eye; lateral line arched over pectoral fin; 61-74 lateral line scales.

Dark body and fins; pectoral with a large oval black spot.

Size: 13.2 cm.

Habitat: shell and mud bottoms.

Depth: 90-209 m.

Southern Baja and the SE Gulf of California to Panama.

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Biology

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Found on muddy bottoms (Ref. 9281). Minimum depth from Ref. 58018.

Hensley, D.A. 1995 Bothidae. Lenguados. p. 931-936. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9281) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9281&speccode=8274

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Distribution

Range Description

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This tropical eastern Pacific species is found from southern Baja California and the southeastern Gulf of California, to Panama.

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Depth

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Depth Range (m): 90 (S) - 209 (S)

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Zoogeography

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See Map (including site records) of Distribution in the Tropical Eastern Pacific

Global Endemism: All species, East Pacific endemic, Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) endemic

Regional Endemism: All species, TEP endemic, Continental TEP endemic, 3 provinces (Cortez + Mexican + Panamic) endemic, Continent, Continent only

Residency: Resident

Climate Zone: Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap), Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos), Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo)

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Eastern Central Pacific: known only from near Acapulco, Mexico.

Hensley, D.A. 1995 Bothidae. Lenguados. p. 931-936. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9281) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9281&speccode=8274

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Physical Description

Morphology

Size

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Length max (cm): 13.2 (S)

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Size

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Maximum size: 70 mm TL

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Max. size

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7.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 9281))

Hensley, D.A. 1995 Bothidae. Lenguados. p. 931-936. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9281) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9281&speccode=8274

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Ecology

Habitat

Habitat and Ecology

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Habitat and Ecology

This species lives on deep sandy and muddy substrata, feeds on mobile invertebrates and fishes, and has pelagic eggs and larvae (Hensley 1995). It has been recorded from a depth range of 90-258m.

Systems

Marine

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Depth: 0 - 258m.
Recorded at 258 meters.

Habitat: demersal. Inhabits muddy bottoms up to 258 m.

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Habitat

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Salinity: Marine, Marine Only

Inshore/Offshore: Inshore, Inshore Only

Water Column Position: Bottom, Bottom only

Habitat: Soft bottom (mud, sand,gravel, beach, estuary & mangrove), Soft bottom only, Sand & gravel

FishBase Habitat: Demersal

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Environment

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demersal; marine; depth range 258 - 258 m (Ref. 9281)

Hensley, D.A. 1995 Bothidae. Lenguados. p. 931-936. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9281) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9281&speccode=8274

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Trophic Strategy

Feeding

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Feeding Group: Carnivore

Diet: mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs), bony fishes

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Life History and Behavior

Reproduction

Reproduction

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Egg Type: Pelagic, Pelagic larva

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Conservation

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List Assessment

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Red List Category

LC

Least Concern

Red List Criteria

Version

3.1

Year Assessed

2010

Assessor/s

Nielsen, J.G., Munroe, T., Tyler, J.

Reviewer/s

Carpenter, K., Polidoro, B., Livingstone, S. (Global Marine Species Assessment Team)

Justification

This species has a widespread distribution in the tropical eastern Pacific and is found on the outer continental shelf to 258m. It has no major threats and may be found in some Marine Protected Areas. Therefore, this species is listed as Least Concern.

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Conservation status

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IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed

CITES: Not listed

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Trends

Population

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Population

There is no population information for this species.

Population Trend

Unknown

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Threats

Threats

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Major Threats

There are no major threats known for this species.

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Least Concern (LC)

IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073

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Management

Conservation Actions

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Conservation Actions

There are no species specific conservation measures. However, this species' distribution may fall into some Marine Protected Areas in the tropical eastern Pacific region. More information about the population structure for this species is needed.

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