Betta imbellis — Details

Peaceful Betta learn more about names for this taxon

Overview

Comprehensive Description

Biology

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Occurs usually in stagnant pools and ditches in clear to brown water (Ref. 56613). Found also in lowland swamps and paddy field. Bubble nest builder species (Ref. 57235). Eggs shrink to the bottom and were then collected by one or both parents and were embedded among the foam bubbles in the nest (Ref. 41595).

Kottelat, M., A.J. Whitten, S.N. Kartikasari and S. Wirjoatmodjo 1993 Freshwater fishes of Western Indonesia and Sulawesi. Periplus Editions, Hong Kong. 221 p. (Ref. 7050) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7050&speccode=12252

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Distribution

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Asia: Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia.

Tan, H.H. and P.K.L. Ng 2005 The fighting fishes (Teleostei: Osphronemidae: Genus Betta) of Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei. Raffles Bull. Zool. Supplement (13):43-99. (Ref. 56613) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=56613&speccode=5440

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Range Description

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Known from the Malay Peninsula (Chumporn Province to Pattani and Satun) in southern Thailand and northern Malaysia. There is also a record from Singapore, which suggests a disjunct distribution.

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Malaysia and Indonesia; native to northern Sumatra.

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Physical Description

Size

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Maximum size: 55 mm TL

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Max. size

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6.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 57235))

Vidthayanon, C. 2002 Peat swamp fishes of Thailand. Office of Environmental Policy and Planning, Bangkok, Thailand, 136 p. (Ref. 57235) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57235&speccode=23313

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Diagnostic Description

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Diagnosed by having the following combination of characters: A bright red crescent on distal edge of caudal fin; absence of caudal transverse bars; dorsal transverse bars on distal two-thirds of dorsal fin; iridescent blue opercle scales; body dark brown to black; lateral scales 30-32; body depth 24.2-30.1% SL; dorsal-fin origin above lateral scales 15-17 (mode 16); length of dorsal-fin fin base 12.9-18.9% SL; and height of pectoral-fin origin 14.8-18.9% SL (Ref. 56613).

Tan, H.H. and P.K.L. Ng 2005 The fighting fishes (Teleostei: Osphronemidae: Genus Betta) of Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei. Raffles Bull. Zool. Supplement (13):43-99. (Ref. 56613) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=56613&speccode=5440

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Ecology

Habitat

Environment

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benthopelagic; freshwater; pH range: 6.0 - 7.0; dH range: 5 - 19

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Habitat and Ecology

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Habitat and Ecology

Inhabits marshlands, peat marsh, and water in shallow zones; adapted to paddy fields.

Systems

Freshwater

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Life History and Behavior

Life Cycle

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Eggs shrink to the bottom and were then collected by one or both parents and were embedded among the foam bubbles in the nest (Ref. 41595).

Riehl, R. and H.A. Baensch 1991 Aquarien Atlas. Band. 1. Melle: Mergus, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde, Germany. 992 p. (Ref. 1672) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1672&speccode=263

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Molecular Biology and Genetics

Molecular Biology

Statistics of barcoding coverage: Betta imbellis

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Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 4
Specimens with Barcodes: 13
Species With Barcodes: 1

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Conservation

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List Assessment

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Red List Category

LC

Least Concern

Red List Criteria

Version

3.1

Year Assessed

2011

Assessor/s

Vidthayanon, C.

Reviewer/s

Ng, H.H. & Allen, D.

Contributor/s

Justification

The species is known from the Malay Peninsula in southern Thailand and northern Malaysia, and from Singapore. It can be found in both natural and agricultural habitats, but it is impacted by pollution and habitat loss and degradation. There is little information to suggest population decline across its range, and it is assessed as Least Concern at present.

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Trends

Population

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Population

Locally common.

Population Trend

Unknown

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Threats

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Least Concern (LC)

IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073

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Major Threats

Habitat degradation due to intensive agriculture is an ongoing threat. Genetic contamination (hybridisation) with Betta splendens occurred in some areas as a result of release from collections.

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Management

Conservation Actions

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Conservation Actions

Research is needed to confirm the species distribution.

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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems

Benefits

Importance

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aquarium: commercial

Petrovicky, I. 1988 Aquarium fish of the world. Hamlyn Publishing Group Ltd., London. 499 p. http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7319

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Wikipedia

Peaceful betta

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The Peaceful betta, Betta imbellis, also known as the Crescent Betta is a freshwater ray-finned fish in the gourami family. This species is native to Malaysia and Indonesia. Unlike other species that we call fighting fish this fish does not fight.^[1] Betta imbellis (Ladiges, 1975)

References

^ "Betta imbellis". http://filaman.ifm-geomar.de/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12038. Retrieved 2008-02-20.

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