Overview
Comprehensive Description
Biology
Found on sand and rubble bottoms of shallow lagoon and protected seaward reefs (Ref. 9710, 48636). Also Ref. 58652.
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Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene 1990 Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2334&speccode=13770
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FishBase
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Distribution
Distribution
Chagos, East Africa, Kenya, Mozambique, Red Sea, Somalia, South Africa (country), Tanzania
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MacNae, W. & M. Kalk (eds) (1958). A natural history of Inhaca Island, Mozambique. Witwatersrand Univ. Press, Johannesburg. I-iv, 163 pp.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=6266
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Anon. (1996). FishBase 96 [CD-ROM]. ICLARM: Los Baños, Philippines. 1 cd-rom pp.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=5909
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Randall, J.E. (1992). Red Sea Reef Fishes. Immel Publishing.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=6091
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Anon. (2000). FishBase 2000 [CD-ROM]. ICLARM: Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. 4 cd-roms pp.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=6542
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Bock, K.R. (1996). Checklist of the reef fishes of Diani and Galu, Kenya. Journal of East African natural History 85: 5-22.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=6357
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World Register of Marine Species
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Indian Ocean.
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Imamura, H. and T. Yoshino 2007 Three new species of the genus Parapercis from the Western Pacific, with Rediscription of Parapercis hexophtalma (Perciformes:Pinguipedidae). Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci. Ser. A, Suppl. 1:81-100. (Ref. 75058)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=75058&speccode=7866
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Physical Description
Morphology
Dorsal spines (total): 5; Dorsal soft rays (total): 21 - 22; Analspines: 1; Analsoft rays: 17 - 18
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Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene 1990 Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2334&speccode=13770
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FishBase
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Size
Max. size
29.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 30573))
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Sommer, C., W. Schneider and J.-M. Poutiers 1996 FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of Somalia. FAO, Rome. 376 p. (Ref. 30573)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=30573&speccode=17471
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FishBase
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Diagnostic Description
Description
Found over sandy areas, near rock reefs and corals (Ref. 5213); also over rubble around protected reefs (Ref. 2334).
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Anon. (1996). FishBase 96 [CD-ROM]. ICLARM: Los Baños, Philippines. 1 cd-rom pp.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=5909
© WoRMS for SMEBD
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World Register of Marine Species
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Easily identified by the large black blotch on the tail. Body and head spotted, except in large males that feature lines on the cheek instead (Ref. 48636). Upper third of body greenish to brownish grey, flecked with dark brown, the lower two-thirds white with 3 or 4 longitudinal rows of small dark brown spots, sometimes linked by narrow dark stripes except lower row as discrete yellow-edged black spots. Caudal fin with a very large black spot centrobasally in fin. Last membrane of spinous portion of dorsal fin connected to first dorsal-fin ray nearly at height of fifth dorsal-fin spine (Ref 42740).
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Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene 1990 Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2334&speccode=13770
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FishBase
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Ecology
Habitat
Depth range based on 39 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 18 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 1 - 61
Temperature range (°C): 25.245 - 28.988
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.048 - 0.678
Salinity (PPS): 33.821 - 40.307
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.450 - 4.802
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.055 - 0.199
Silicate (umol/l): 0.567 - 3.868
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 1 - 61
Temperature range (°C): 25.245 - 28.988
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.048 - 0.678
Salinity (PPS): 33.821 - 40.307
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.450 - 4.802
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.055 - 0.199
Silicate (umol/l): 0.567 - 3.868
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 18 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 1 - 61
Temperature range (°C): 25.245 - 28.988
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.048 - 0.678
Salinity (PPS): 33.821 - 40.307
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.450 - 4.802
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.055 - 0.199
Silicate (umol/l): 0.567 - 3.868
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 1 - 61
Temperature range (°C): 25.245 - 28.988
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.048 - 0.678
Salinity (PPS): 33.821 - 40.307
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.450 - 4.802
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.055 - 0.199
Silicate (umol/l): 0.567 - 3.868
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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Depth: 2 - 22m.
From 2 to 22 meters.
Habitat: reef-associated.
From 2 to 22 meters.
Habitat: reef-associated.
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FishWise Professional
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Environment
reef-associated; marine; depth range 2 - 22 m (Ref. 9710)
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Lieske, E. and R. Myers 1994 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. (Ref. 9710)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9710&speccode=13770
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FishBase
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Trophic Strategy
Occurs in shallow coral reef areas, predominantly found in exposed sand plains of reef flats and channels at depth of 2-10 m. Is often found in haremic social groups dominated by single territorial males. (Ref. 9001)
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Sano, M., M. Shimizu and Y. Nose 1984 Food habits of teleostean reef fishes in Okinawa Island, southern Japan. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, Japan. 128 p.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6110
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FishBase
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Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Barcode data: Parapercis hexophtalma
The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.
There are 4 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.
Download FASTA File
There are 4 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.
SBF469-11|NBE1295|Parapercis hexophtalma| ---------------------------------------ACCCTATATTTAGTTTTTGGTGCTTGAGCTGCCATAGTAGGTACAGCCTTG---AGCCTCCTTATTCGGGCAGAACTAAGTCAACCCGGTGCTCTTCTAGGTGAT---GACCAAATTTATAATGTAATCGTCACAGCACATGCCTTTGTAATAATTTTCTTTATGGTAATGCCTATTATAATTGGAGGCTTCGGAAACTGACTGATTCCTTTAATG---ATTGGAGCCCCTGATATGGCCTTCCCACGAATAAACAACATAAGCTTCTGACTTCTCCCCCCTTCCCTTCTCCTACTCTTAGCCTCTTCTGGGGTAGAAGCTGGGGCTGGAACTGGTTGAACAGTTTATCCCCCTCTAGCTGGTAATTTAGCACACGCAGGGGCATCTGTAGATCTA---ACTATTTTTTCCCTACATTTAGCTGGTATTTCGTCTATTTTAGGGGCCATTAACTTTATTACAACAATCCTTAACATGAAGCCCCCTGCAGTGACCCAATATCAAACCCCTTTATTCGTCTGAGCTGTATTAATTACTGCTGTTCTTCTTCTCCTTTCTCTTCCAGTTCTAGCCGCA---GGAATTACAATGCTCCTAACAGACCGAAATCTAAACACAACTTTCTTCGACCCTGCAGGAGGTGGAGACCCCATTCTTTACCAACAT----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- end --
-- end --
Download FASTA File
© Barcode of Life Data Systems
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Statistics of barcoding coverage: Parapercis hexophtalma
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 4
Species: 13
Species With Barcodes: 1
Public Records: 4
Species: 13
Species With Barcodes: 1
© Barcode of Life Data Systems
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Conservation
Threats
Not Evaluated
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IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073
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FishBase
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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems
Benefits
Importance
fisheries: minor commercial; aquarium: commercial; price category: Taken as a bycatch.; price reliability: not marketed/unknown
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Burgess, W.E., H.R. Axelrod and R.E. Hunziker III 1990 Dr. Burgess's atlas of marine aquarium fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Inc., Neptune City, New Jersey. 768 p.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9210
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Heemstra, P.C. 1984 Mugiloididae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing area 51). Vol. 3, FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9653)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9653&speccode=7866
© WorldFish Center - FishBase
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FishBase
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