Table of Contents
Overview
Comprehensive Description
Biology
Eggs are deposited on the ceiling of caves (Ref. 1672). Biparental care of eggs and larvae (Ref. 1672).
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Kullander, S.O. 2003 Cichlidae (Cichlids). p. 605-654. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36377)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=36377&speccode=6318
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Distribution
Amazon River basin: Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay.
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South America: Amazon River basin, in the Guaporé drainage in Brazil; Paraná River basin, in the Paraguay River drainage in Brazil and Paraguay, and in the middle Paraná River drainage in Argentina.
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Kullander, S.O. 2003 Cichlidae (Cichlids). p. 605-654. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36377)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=36377&speccode=6318
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Physical Description
Size
Max. size
3.8 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 36377)); 4.6 cm (female)
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Kullander, S.O. 2003 Cichlidae (Cichlids). p. 605-654. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36377)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=36377&speccode=6318
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Ecology
Habitat
Environment
benthopelagic; non-migratory; freshwater; pH range: 6.0 - 6.5; dH range: 2 - 5
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Trophic Strategy
Inhabits vegetated areas of rivers (Ref. 12251; 13371).
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Axelrod, H.R. 1993 The most complete colored lexicon of cichlids. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 864 p. (Ref. 12251)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12251&speccode=10670
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Diseases and Parasites
White spot Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Bassleer, G. 1997 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. (Ref. 41805)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41805&speccode=10660
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Turbidity of the Skin (Freshwater fish). Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Bassleer, G. 1997 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. (Ref. 41805)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41805&speccode=10660
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Fin-rot Disease (late stage). Bacterial diseases
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Bassleer, G. 1997 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. (Ref. 41805)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41805&speccode=10660
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Fin Rot (early stage). Bacterial diseases
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Bassleer, G. 1997 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. (Ref. 41805)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41805&speccode=10660
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Costia Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Bassleer, G. 1997 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. (Ref. 41805)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41805&speccode=10660
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Bacterial Infections (general). Bacterial diseases
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Bassleer, G. 1997 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. (Ref. 41805)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41805&speccode=10660
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Life History and Behavior
Life Cycle
Harem family, usually 1 male and 3 females. Lays up to 100 eggs in caves. Both sexes defend eggs and larvae (Ref. 1672).
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Riehl, R. and H.A. Baensch 1991 Aquarien Atlas. Band. 1. Melle: Mergus, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde, Germany. 992 p. (Ref. 1672)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1672&speccode=263
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Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Statistics of barcoding coverage: Apistogramma trifasciata
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Specimens with Barcodes: 5
Species With Barcodes: 1
Public Records: 0
Specimens with Barcodes: 5
Species With Barcodes: 1
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Conservation
Threats
Not Evaluated
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IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073
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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems
Benefits
Importance
fisheries: of no interest; aquarium: commercial
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Axelrod, H.R. 1993 The most complete colored lexicon of cichlids. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 864 p. (Ref. 12251)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12251&speccode=10670
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