Table of Contents
Overview
Comprehensive Description
Biology
Larvae epipelagic (Ref. 34024). Uncommon species (Ref. 34024). Oviparous, with oval pelagic eggs floating in a gelatinous mass (Ref. 205).
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Nielsen, J.G. 1990 Ophidiidae. p. 564-573. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3686)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3686&speccode=17075
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Distribution
Range Description
Benthocometes robustus has been found in the tropical west Atlantic, around northwest Africa, the western Mediterranean Sea, Balearic Sea, southern Sardinia, the Adriatic, eastern Ionian Sea, and off Cyprus. In 1994 this species was also described from southern Brazil (Haimovici et al. 1994).
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Distribution
Caribbean to Hudson Canyon
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North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901
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Distribution
Azores Exclusive Economic Zone, European waters (ERMS scope), North West Atlantic, Portugese Exclusive Economic Zone, Spanish Exclusive Economic Zone
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North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901
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van der Land, J.; Costello, M.J.; Zavodnik, D.; Santos, R.S.; Porteiro, F.M.; Bailly, N.; Eschmeyer, W.N.; Froese, R. (2001). Pisces, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 357-374
http://www.marbef.org/data/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=1411
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Borges, P.A.V., Costa, A., Cunha, R., Gabriel, R., Gonçalves, V., Martins, A.F., Melo, I., Parente, M., Raposeiro, P., Rodrigues, P., Santos, R.S., Silva, L., Vieira, P. & Vieira, V. (Eds.) (2010). A list of the terrestrial and marine biota from the Azores. Princípia, Oeiras, 432 pp.
http://www.marinespecies.org/ascidiacea/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=149079
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Ramos, M. (ed.). 2010. IBERFAUNA. The Iberian Fauna Databank
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=149024
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Eastern Atlantic: few specimens caught off Cape Bojador in northwest Africa; also from the Mediterranean. Western Atlantic: throughout the Caribbean (Ref. 2733).
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Nielsen, J.G. 1990 Ophidiidae. p. 564-573. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3686)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3686&speccode=17075
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Physical Description
Size
Max. size
15.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 3686))
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Nielsen, J.G. 1990 Ophidiidae. p. 564-573. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3686)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3686&speccode=17075
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Diagnostic Description
Head short and stubby; eyes equal to or greater than length of snout; opercle with 2 posteriorly directed spines; developed rakers on anterior gill arch 7-10; pseudobranchial filaments 5-7 (Ref. 34024).
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Nielsen, J.G., D.M. Cohen, D.F. Markle and C.R. Robins 1999 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 18. Ophidiiform fishes of the world (Order Ophidiiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of pearlfishes, cusk-eels, brotulas and other ophidiiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(18):178p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 34024)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=34024&speccode=17075
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Type Information
Paratype for Neobythites robustus
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Preparation: Illustration
Year Collected: 1881
Locality: Delaware, United States, Atlantic
Depth (m): 238 to 238
Vessel: Fish Hawk
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Preparation: Illustration
Year Collected: 1881
Locality: Delaware, United States, Atlantic
Depth (m): 238 to 238
Vessel: Fish Hawk
- Paratype:
© Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
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Ecology
Habitat
Habitat and Ecology
Habitat and Ecology
Systems
This is a benthopelagic species mainly found between depths of 500-1,000 m. However, it can be found at a wider ranging depth profile of 385 - 1,200 m. Species of the family Ophidiidae are oviparous and the larvae of this species are epipelagic (Nielsen 1999).
Systems
- Marine
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Habitat
benthic
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North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901
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Depth range based on 6 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 3 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 225 - 400
Temperature range (°C): 8.801 - 12.025
Nitrate (umol/L): 15.023 - 21.410
Salinity (PPS): 34.971 - 35.074
Oxygen (ml/l): 3.425 - 5.053
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.962 - 1.441
Silicate (umol/l): 7.638 - 14.096
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 225 - 400
Temperature range (°C): 8.801 - 12.025
Nitrate (umol/L): 15.023 - 21.410
Salinity (PPS): 34.971 - 35.074
Oxygen (ml/l): 3.425 - 5.053
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.962 - 1.441
Silicate (umol/l): 7.638 - 14.096
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 3 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 225 - 400
Temperature range (°C): 8.801 - 12.025
Nitrate (umol/L): 15.023 - 21.410
Salinity (PPS): 34.971 - 35.074
Oxygen (ml/l): 3.425 - 5.053
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.962 - 1.441
Silicate (umol/l): 7.638 - 14.096
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 225 - 400
Temperature range (°C): 8.801 - 12.025
Nitrate (umol/L): 15.023 - 21.410
Salinity (PPS): 34.971 - 35.074
Oxygen (ml/l): 3.425 - 5.053
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.962 - 1.441
Silicate (umol/l): 7.638 - 14.096
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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Depth: 100 - 500m.
From 100 to 500 meters.
Habitat: demersal.
From 100 to 500 meters.
Habitat: demersal.
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Environment
bathydemersal; marine; depth range 500 - 1000 m (Ref. 34024)
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Nielsen, J.G., D.M. Cohen, D.F. Markle and C.R. Robins 1999 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 18. Ophidiiform fishes of the world (Order Ophidiiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of pearlfishes, cusk-eels, brotulas and other ophidiiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(18):178p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 34024)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=34024&speccode=17075
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Trophic Strategy
Occurs in relatively deep waters, over sand and mud (Ref. 26335).
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Costa, F. 1991 Atlante dei pesci dei mari italiani. Gruppo Ugo Mursia Editore S.p.A. Milano, Italy. 438 p. (Ref. 26335)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26335&speccode=1698
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Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Statistics of barcoding coverage: Benthocometes robustus
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Species: 1
Species With Barcodes: 1
Public Records: 0
Species: 1
Species With Barcodes: 1
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Conservation
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List Assessment
Red List Category
LC
Least Concern
Red List Criteria
Version
3.1
Year Assessed
2010
Assessor/s
Nielsen, J.G.
Reviewer/s
Collen, B., Richman, N., Beresford, A., Chenery, A. & Ram, M.
Contributor/s
De Silva, R., Milligan, H., Lutz, M., Batchelor, A., Jopling, B., Kemp, K., Lewis, S., Lintott, P., Sears, J., Wilson, P., Smith, J. and Livingston, F.
Justification
Benthocometes robustus ahs bee Least Concern has been made for The deepwater nature of this species is likely to protect it from human-induced and climatic threats.
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Trends
Population
Population
Population Trend
Benthocometes robustus has been noted as common (Nielsen et al. 1999) but uncommon in the Mediterranean region (Bilecenoglu et al. 2006).
Population Trend
Unknown
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Threats
Threats
Major Threats
It is unlikely that any major threat is impacting Benthocometes robustus, due to the deep-water nature of this species.
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Least Concern (LC)
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IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073
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Management
Conservation Actions
Conservation Actions
There are no known species-specific conservation measures in place, or needed, for Benthocometes robustus.
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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems
Benefits
Importance
fisheries: of no interest
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Nielsen, J.G., D.M. Cohen, D.F. Markle and C.R. Robins 1999 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 18. Ophidiiform fishes of the world (Order Ophidiiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of pearlfishes, cusk-eels, brotulas and other ophidiiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(18):178p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 34024)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=34024&speccode=17075
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