Overview
Comprehensive Description
Biology
Feeds on small mobile animals, preferably crabs. Searches for food among encrusting organisms and algal holdfasts using the large forward-jutting canine teeth to rake its food from the substratum (Ref. 26966).
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Russell, B.C. 1988 Revision of the labrid fish genus Pseudolabrus and allied genera. Rec. Aust. Mus. (Suppl. 9):1-72. (Ref. 26203)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26203&speccode=12794
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FishBase
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Distribution
Range Description
This species occurs throughout New Zealand, including Three Kings Islands, Chatham Islands, Stewart Island and the Snares Islands (Francis 1996).
© International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
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IUCN
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Distribution
New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone
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Gordon, D. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Volume One: Kingdom Animalia. 584 pp
http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=sourcedetails&id=145244
© WoRMS for SMEBD
Source:
World Register of Marine Species
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Southwest Pacific: known only from New Zealand including the Snares Islands, Stewart Island, Clatham Islands, and the Three Kings Islands.
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Russell, B.C. 1988 Revision of the labrid fish genus Pseudolabrus and allied genera. Rec. Aust. Mus. (Suppl. 9):1-72. (Ref. 26203)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26203&speccode=12794
© WorldFish Center - FishBase
Source:
FishBase
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Physical Description
Size
Max. size
27.2 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 26203)); 26.9 cm SL (female)
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Russell, B.C. 1988 Revision of the labrid fish genus Pseudolabrus and allied genera. Rec. Aust. Mus. (Suppl. 9):1-72. (Ref. 26203)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26203&speccode=12794
© WorldFish Center - FishBase
Source:
FishBase
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Ecology
Habitat
Habitat and Ecology
Habitat and Ecology
Systems
A moderately large species, to about 272 mm SL. It is common on exposed rocky reefs. It occurs mainly in deeper water as shallow as four m but more common in depths of 10-40 m.
Food consists of crabs, hermit crabs and ophiuroids, (Graham 1939, Russell 1983). It searches for food among encrusting organisms and algal holdfasts using the large forward-jutting canine teeth to rake its food from the substratum (Russell 1983). Spawning occurs in late winter-spring, August – November (Doak 1972, Francis 2001), and juveniles about five cm found in February-March in shallow water. They grow rapidly, maturing at one year old. Females breed for two to three years before changing sex at about four years old (Francis 2001). Juveniles and females sometimes act as cleaners (Francis 2001).
Food consists of crabs, hermit crabs and ophiuroids, (Graham 1939, Russell 1983). It searches for food among encrusting organisms and algal holdfasts using the large forward-jutting canine teeth to rake its food from the substratum (Russell 1983). Spawning occurs in late winter-spring, August – November (Doak 1972, Francis 2001), and juveniles about five cm found in February-March in shallow water. They grow rapidly, maturing at one year old. Females breed for two to three years before changing sex at about four years old (Francis 2001). Juveniles and females sometimes act as cleaners (Francis 2001).
Systems
- Marine
© International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
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IUCN
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Depth range based on 126 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 78 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 13 - 506
Temperature range (°C): 6.912 - 15.129
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.205 - 22.288
Salinity (PPS): 34.283 - 35.069
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.527 - 6.587
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.258 - 1.434
Silicate (umol/l): 1.977 - 10.057
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 13 - 506
Temperature range (°C): 6.912 - 15.129
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.205 - 22.288
Salinity (PPS): 34.283 - 35.069
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.527 - 6.587
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.258 - 1.434
Silicate (umol/l): 1.977 - 10.057
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 78 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 13 - 506
Temperature range (°C): 6.912 - 15.129
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.205 - 22.288
Salinity (PPS): 34.283 - 35.069
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.527 - 6.587
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.258 - 1.434
Silicate (umol/l): 1.977 - 10.057
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 13 - 506
Temperature range (°C): 6.912 - 15.129
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.205 - 22.288
Salinity (PPS): 34.283 - 35.069
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.527 - 6.587
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.258 - 1.434
Silicate (umol/l): 1.977 - 10.057
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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Depth: 4 - 40m.
From 4 to 40 meters.
Habitat: demersal.
From 4 to 40 meters.
Habitat: demersal.
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FishWise Professional
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Environment
reef-associated; marine; depth range 4 - 40 m (Ref. 26203), usually 10 - 40 m (Ref. 26203)
-
Russell, B.C. 1988 Revision of the labrid fish genus Pseudolabrus and allied genera. Rec. Aust. Mus. (Suppl. 9):1-72. (Ref. 26203)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26203&speccode=12794
© WorldFish Center - FishBase
Source:
FishBase
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Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Statistics of barcoding coverage: Pseudolabrus miles
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Species: 1
Species With Barcodes: 1
Public Records: 0
Species: 1
Species With Barcodes: 1
© Barcode of Life Data Systems
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Conservation
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List Assessment
Red List Category
LC
Least Concern
Red List Criteria
Version
3.1
Year Assessed
2010
Assessor/s
Russell, B.
Reviewer/s
Sadovy, Y. & Carpenter, K.E.
Contributor/s
Justification
This species is common. There are no known major threats. It is therefore listed as Least Concern.
© International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Source:
IUCN
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Trends
Population
Population
Population Trend
This species is common throughout its range. It is abundant at Three Kings Islands and the southern part of its range.
Population Trend
Unknown
© International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Source:
IUCN
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Threats
Threats
Major Threats
There are no major threats known for this species.
© International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Source:
IUCN
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Least Concern (LC)
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IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073
© WorldFish Center - FishBase
Source:
FishBase
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Management
Conservation Actions
Conservation Actions
There are no specific conservation measures in place for this species. Its distribution overlaps several marine protected areas within its range.
© International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Source:
IUCN
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Wikipedia
Scarlet wrasse
The scarlet wrasse or soldier, Pseudolabrus miles, is a wrasse of the genus Pseudolabrus, found around New Zealand in reef areas at depths of between 5 and 100 metres. Its length is between 20 and 40 centimetres.
References
- "Pseudolabrus miles". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=170785. Retrieved 18 April 2006.
- Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2006). "Pseudolabrus miles" in FishBase. January 2006 version.
- Tony Ayling & Geoffrey Cox, Collins Guide to the Sea Fishes of New Zealand, (William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1982) ISBN 0-00-216987-8
- Wade Doak, A Photographic Guide to Sea Fishes of New Zealand, (New Holland Publishers (NZ) Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 2003) ISBN 1-877246-95-6
Source:
Wikipedia
Unreviewed
