Diplectrum rostrum — Details

Bridled Sand Perch learn more about names for this taxon

Overview

Comprehensive Description

Description

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Common names: sand-perch (English), menta (Espanol), camotillo (Espanol), serrano (Espanol)
 
Diplectrum rostrum Bortone, 1974


Barsnout sand-perch,     Bridled sand-perch,     Narrowspur sand-perch



Slender, elongate; angle of preoperculum a blunt, rounded bony spur with 7-11 spines; gill rakers 22-25; dorsal rays X, 12-13; anal rays III, 7-8; pectoral rays 16-18 (usually 17); tail concave; snout and between eyes scaleless; scales moderately small, rough; pored lateral-line scales 48-51; midlateral scale rows 60-70; predorsal scales 12-16; 10-14 vertical rows of scales on cheek.


Light tan to whitish with 5-7 faint blackish bars on side; also an indistinct blackish midlateral stripe; a large blackish blotch at base of tail fin; 2 pink bars under eye, running obliquely down and forwards; eye with yellow ring; top of tail base with 2 black spots; tail fin grey with clear spots.


Size: reaches at least 21 cm.

Inhabits sand bottoms.

Depth: 10-80 m.

Southern Baja to Peru and the Galapagos.

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Biology

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Biology not known (Ref. 9342). Probably of no commercial interest due to a small median size and because it is apparently scarce.
  • Heemstra, P.C. 1995 Serranidae. Meros, serranos, guasetas, enjambres, baquetas, indios, loros, gallinas, cabrillas, garropas. p. 1565-1613. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9342)   http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9342&speccode=8727 External link.
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Distribution

Range Description

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This species is endemic to the Eastern Pacific, and is found from Baja California to southern Peru, including the Galapagos Islands.
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Depth

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Depth Range (m): 10 (S) - 80 (S)
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Zoogeography

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See Map (including site records) of Distribution in the Tropical Eastern Pacific


 
Global Endemism: All species, East Pacific endemic, Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) endemic

Regional Endemism: All species, TEP endemic, Continent + Island (s), Continent, Island (s)

Residency: Resident

Climate Zone: North Temperate (Californian Province &/or Northern Gulf of California), Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap), Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos), Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo), South Temperate (Peruvian Province )

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Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California to Peru.
  • Heemstra, P.C. 1995 Serranidae. Meros, serranos, guasetas, enjambres, baquetas, indios, loros, gallinas, cabrillas, garropas. p. 1565-1613. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9342)   http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9342&speccode=8727 External link.
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Physical Description

Morphology

Size

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Length max (cm): 21.0 (S)
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Size

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Maximum size: 210 mm TL
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Max. size

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21.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 9342))
  • Heemstra, P.C. 1995 Serranidae. Meros, serranos, guasetas, enjambres, baquetas, indios, loros, gallinas, cabrillas, garropas. p. 1565-1613. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9342)   http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9342&speccode=8727 External link.
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Type Information

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Paratype for Diplectrum rostrum Bortone
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Collector(s): L. Knapp & Arroyo
Year Collected: 1969
Locality: South of Buenaventura, Colombia, Colombia, Pacific
Depth (m): 37 to 37
Vessel: Cacique
  • Paratype: Bortone, S. A. 1974. Copeia. 1974 (1): 61.
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Paratype for Diplectrum rostrum Bortone
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Collector(s): L. Knapp & Arroyo
Year Collected: 1969
Locality: Off Punta Aji, South of Buenaventura, Colombia, Valle del Cauca, Colombia, Pacific
Depth (m): 55 to 55
Vessel: Cacique
  • Paratype: Bortone, S. A. 1974. Copeia. 1974 (1): 61.
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Paratype for Diplectrum rostrum Bortone
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Collector(s): L. Knapp
Year Collected: 1966
Locality: Gulf Of Guayaquil, Ecuador, Pacific
Depth (m): 13 to 13
Vessel: Anton Bruun
  • Paratype: Bortone, S. A. 1974. Copeia. 1974 (1): 61.
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Holotype for Diplectrum rostrum Bortone
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Collector(s): L. Knapp
Year Collected: 1966
Locality: Gulf Of Guayaquil, Ecuador, Pacific
Depth (m): 13 to 13
Vessel: Anton Bruun
  • Holotype: Bortone, S. A. 1974. Copeia. 1974 (1): 61.
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Ecology

Habitat

Habitat and Ecology

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Habitat and Ecology
This benthopelagic species inhabits sand substrata, and is also other soft substrata (mud, gravel, beach, and estuaries) from depths of 10 to 80 m. It feeds on mobile benthic crustaceans and bony fishes.

Systems
  • Marine
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Depth range based on 20 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 3 samples.

Environmental ranges
  Depth range (m): 3 - 203.5
  Temperature range (°C): 12.983 - 19.488
  Nitrate (umol/L): 0.616 - 31.396
  Salinity (PPS): 34.213 - 34.888
  Oxygen (ml/l): 0.376 - 4.918
  Phosphate (umol/l): 0.463 - 2.256
  Silicate (umol/l): 3.371 - 27.850

Graphical representation

Depth range (m): 3 - 203.5

Temperature range (°C): 12.983 - 19.488

Nitrate (umol/L): 0.616 - 31.396

Salinity (PPS): 34.213 - 34.888

Oxygen (ml/l): 0.376 - 4.918

Phosphate (umol/l): 0.463 - 2.256

Silicate (umol/l): 3.371 - 27.850
 
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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Depth: 13 - 80m.
From 13 to 80 meters.

Habitat: benthopelagic. Biology not known (Ref. 9342). Probably of no commercial interest due to a small median size and beacuse it is apparently scarce.
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Habitat

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Salinity: Marine, Marine Only

Inshore/Offshore: Inshore, Inshore Only

Water Column Position: Bottom, Bottom only

Habitat: Soft bottom (mud, sand,gravel, beach, estuary & mangrove), Soft bottom only, Mud, Sand & gravel

FishBase Habitat: Bentho-Pelagic
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Environment

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benthopelagic; marine; depth range 13 - 80 m (Ref. 9342)
  • Heemstra, P.C. 1995 Serranidae. Meros, serranos, guasetas, enjambres, baquetas, indios, loros, gallinas, cabrillas, garropas. p. 1565-1613. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9342)   http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9342&speccode=8727 External link.
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Trophic Strategy

Feeding

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Feeding Group: Carnivore

Diet: mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs), bony fishes
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Life History and Behavior

Reproduction

Reproduction

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Egg Type: Pelagic, Pelagic larva
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Molecular Biology and Genetics

Molecular Biology

Statistics of barcoding coverage: Diplectrum rostrum

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Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Species: 1
Species With Barcodes: 1

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Conservation

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List Assessment

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Red List Category
LC
Least Concern

Red List Criteria

Version
3.1

Year Assessed
2010

Assessor/s
Smith-Vaniz, B, Robertson, R., Dominici-Arosemena, A., Molina, H., Salas, E., Guzman-Mora, A.G.

Reviewer/s
Carpenter, K., Polidoro, B., Livingstone, S. (Global Marine Species Assessment Team)

Justification
This species is widespread in the Eastern Pacific. There are no major threats known, and no current indication of widespread population decline. It is listed as Least Concern.
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Conservation status

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IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed

CITES: Not listed
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Population

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Population
There is no population information available for this species. It is relatively uncommon as bycatch in trawls in the region.

Population Trend
Unknown
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Threats

Threats

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Major Threats
There are no major threats known for this species. It is likely of no commercial interest due to a small size (Heemstra 1995).
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Least Concern (LC)
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Management

Conservation Actions

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Conservation Actions
There are no known species specific conservation measures. However, this species' distribution includes a number of Marine Protected Areas in the Eastern Pacific region.
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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems

Benefits

Importance

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fisheries: of no interest
  • Heemstra, P.C. 1995 Serranidae. Meros, serranos, guasetas, enjambres, baquetas, indios, loros, gallinas, cabrillas, garropas. p. 1565-1613. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9342)   http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9342&speccode=8727 External link.
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