Liparis liparis — Details

Sea Snail learn more about names for this taxon

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Overview

Brief Summary

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Sea snails grow up to a maximum of 18 centimeters and no older than 2 years. Just like the lumpsucker, they have a suction cup to attach themselves to solid objects. This is why they prefer to live in areas with lots of stones or other sturdy objects, such as mussel banks. They eat shrimp, gammarids and small fish, such as gobies. Sea snails spawn in the winter in shallow water. After depositing the eggs, the older animals die. This species is found often in the delta and Wadden Sea area, however is rarely seen in other Dutch waters.
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Comprehensive Description

Description

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 Liparis liparis is a small, clinging fish related to the lumpsucker (Cyclopteridae). They have tad-pole shaped bodies. The head is relatively large and broad compared to the elongated and tapering body. Underneath there is a rounded sucker derived from the pelvic fins. They have a single, long dorsal fin and a long anal fin. The skin of liparids is scaleless and their skin is loose, soft and slimy. The colour is a poor guide to identity, since it is variable with the habitat. The colour varies from brown to yellow, red or green.
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Distribution

Range Description

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Liparis liparis is distributed through the northeast Atlantic, off the Baltic countries (Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Finland, Russia, Sweden, Denmark), Norway, the British Isles, Ireland, Iceland, Portugal, and France (D. Stein pers. comm. 2008).
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National Distribution

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United States

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Year-round

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Arctic Ocean, Baltic Sea, North Sea, Eastern North Atlantic: Iceland and Norway south to Portugal.
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Southern Norway north to Barents Sea including Novaya Zemlya, Spitsbergen and Bear I., also Iceland.
  • Bigelow, H. B. and Schroeder, W. C., 1953; Perlmutter, A., 1961; Stein, D. L. and K. W. Able, 1986; Whitehead, P. J. P., Bauchot, M.-L., Hureau, J.-C., Nielsen, J., Tortonese, E., 1984.
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Physical Description

Size

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Maximum size: 150 mm ---
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to 15 cm TL (male/unsexed).
  • Bigelow, H. B. and Schroeder, W. C., 1953; Perlmutter, A., 1961; Stein, D. L. and K. W. Able, 1986; Whitehead, P. J. P., Bauchot, M.-L., Hureau, J.-C., Nielsen, J., Tortonese, E., 1984.
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Ecology

Habitat

Habitat and Ecology

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Habitat and Ecology
Liparis liparis is a small, benthic, inshore species with a short lifespan of 1 year in the most southerly reaches of its range, and to 2 or 3 years in more northerly waters. A mature adult grows to 10–15 cm. Spawning takes place in the spring. This species feeds primarily on crustaceans, and occasionally fishes and polychaetes. This species is found in the subtidal zone to the epipelagic zone, and is reported to have a broad depth range, from just beneath the surface down to 300 m.

Systems
  • Marine
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Depth range based on 1 specimen in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 1 sample.

Environmental ranges
  Depth range (m): 0 - 0
  Temperature range (°C): 9.570 - 9.570
  Nitrate (umol/L): 2.996 - 2.996
  Salinity (PPS): 34.368 - 34.368
  Oxygen (ml/l): 6.497 - 6.497
  Phosphate (umol/l): 0.347 - 0.347
  Silicate (umol/l): 2.216 - 2.216
 
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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Habitat Type: Marine

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 The sea snali is usually found in shallow water, but can extend down to 150 m. It is sometimes found in muddy and sandy areas but lives mainly amongst rocks.
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Demersal; marine; depth to 300 m.
  • Bigelow, H. B. and Schroeder, W. C., 1953; Perlmutter, A., 1961; Stein, D. L. and K. W. Able, 1986; Whitehead, P. J. P., Bauchot, M.-L., Hureau, J.-C., Nielsen, J., Tortonese, E., 1984.
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Migration

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Non-Migrant: No. All populations of this species make significant seasonal migrations.

Locally Migrant: No. No populations of this species make local extended movements (generally less than 200 km) at particular times of the year (e.g., to breeding or wintering grounds, to hibernation sites).

Locally Migrant: No. No populations of this species make annual migrations of over 200 km.

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Trophic Strategy

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Primarily crustaceans, occasionally fishes and polychaetes.
  • Bigelow, H. B. and Schroeder, W. C., 1953; Perlmutter, A., 1961; Stein, D. L. and K. W. Able, 1986; Whitehead, P. J. P., Bauchot, M.-L., Hureau, J.-C., Nielsen, J., Tortonese, E., 1984.
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Life History and Behavior

Reproduction

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Spawn from December to March in the southern portion of their range and in spring in the northern portion; larvae are pelagic.
  • Bigelow, H. B. and Schroeder, W. C., 1953; Perlmutter, A., 1961; Stein, D. L. and K. W. Able, 1986; Whitehead, P. J. P., Bauchot, M.-L., Hureau, J.-C., Nielsen, J., Tortonese, E., 1984.
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Molecular Biology and Genetics

Molecular Biology

Statistics of barcoding coverage: Liparis liparis

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Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Specimens with Barcodes: 14
Species With Barcodes: 1
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Conservation

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List Assessment

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Red List Category
LC
Least Concern

Red List Criteria

Version
3.1

Year Assessed
2010

Assessor/s
Stein, D.L.

Reviewer/s
Collen, B., Richman, N., Beresford, A., Chenery, A. & Ram, M.

Contributor/s
De Silva, R., Milligan, H., Lutz, M., Batchelor, A., Jopling, B., Kemp, K., Lewis, S., Lintott, P., Sears, J., Wilson, P., Smith, J. and Livingston, F.

Justification
Liparis liparis has been assessed as Least Concern. This species has a wide distribution, a broad depth range, and a lack of threats impacting it across its full range. It is therefore unlikely to be experiencing significant population declines and can not be considered threatened.
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National NatureServe Conservation Status

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United States

Rounded National Status Rank: NNR - Unranked

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NatureServe Conservation Status

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Rounded Global Status Rank: GNR - Not Yet Ranked

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Population

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Population
There is no population information available for Liparis liparis.

Population Trend
Unknown
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Threats

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Major Threats
The near-shore habitat of Liparis liparis has been impacted by pollution discharges, such as sewage and industrial waste, over much of the last century or more. However, these impacts are thought to be localised and not impacting the species across the full extent of its range.
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Management

Conservation Actions

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Conservation Actions
There are no species-specific conservation measures in place for Liparis liparis. Further research is needed to determine the current extent and severity of threats to this species.
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Wikipedia

Liparis liparis

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This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2012)

The common seasnail (Liparis liparis) is a small marine fish of the seasnail family (Liparidae).

Stub iconThis Scorpaeniformes article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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