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Liparis liparis — Details

Striped Seasnail learn more about names for this taxon

Overview

Comprehensive Description

Description

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Liparis liparis is a small, clinging fish related to the lumpsucker (Cyclopteridae). They have tad-pole shaped bodies. The head is relatively large and broad compared to the elongated and tapering body. Underneath there is a rounded sucker derived from the pelvic fins. They have a single, long dorsal fin and a long anal fin. The skin of liparids is scaleless and their skin is loose, soft and slimy. The colour is a poor guide to identity, since it is variable with the habitat. The colour varies from brown to yellow, red or green.

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Distribution

Range Description

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Liparis liparis is distributed through the northeast Atlantic, off the Baltic countries (Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Finland, Russia, Sweden, Denmark), Norway, the British Isles, Ireland, Iceland, Portugal, and France (D. Stein pers. comm. 2008).

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Distribution

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Baltic sea, Belgian Exclusive Economic Zone, British Isles, European waters (ERMS scope), Grevelingen, IJsselmeer, Irish Exclusive economic Zone, Oostende, Oosterschelde, Polish Exclusive Economic Zone, Schelde estuary, United Kingdom Exclusive Economic Zone, Voordelta, Westerschelde, Wimereux, Zeeland, Zeeschelde

Leewis, R. (2002). Flora en fauna van de zee [Marine flora and fauna]. Veldgids, 16. KNNV Uitgeverij: Utrecht, The Netherlands. ISBN 90-5011-153-X. 320 pp. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=1116
Müller, Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France. 307 pp. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=9269
Hayward, P.J.; Ryland, J.S. (Ed.) (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK. ISBN 0-19-857356-1. 627 pp. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=1
Poll, M. (1945). Contribution à la connaissance de la faune ichtyologique du Bas-Escaut. Bull. Mus. royal d'Hist. Nat. Belg./Med. Kon. Natuurhist. Mus. Belg. 21(11): 1-32 http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=1641
Hostens, K. (2000). Spatial patterns and seasonality in the epibenthic communities of the Westerschelde (Southern Bight of the North Sea). J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 80: 27-36 http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=1139
Hostens, K.; Hamerlynck, O. (1994). The mobile epifauna of the soft bottoms in the subtidal Oosterschelde estuary: structure, function and impact of the storm-surge barrier. Hydrobiologia 282-283: 479-496 http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=1142
Leloup, E. (1951). Contributions à l'étude de la faune belge: 18. Observations sur des poissons marins en 1949. Med. K. Belg. Inst. Nat. Wet. 27(4): 1-12 http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=1661
ILVO macrofauna data: macrofauna monitoring on the Belgian Part of the North Sea since 1979 http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=132965
ILVO epifauna en demersale visdata: epifauna en demersale vismonitoring op het Belgisch deel van de Noordzee sinds 1979 http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=132964
Van Damme, P.A.; Hostens, K.; Ollevier, F.P. (1994). Fish species of the lower Zeeschelde (Belgium): a comparison with historical checklists. Belg. J. Zool. 124(2): 93-103 http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=132986
Cattrijsse, A.; Vincx, M. (2001). Biodiversity of the benthos and the avifauna of the Belgian coastal waters: summary of data collected between 1970 and 1998. Sustainable Management of the North Sea. Federal Office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs: Brussel, Belgium. 48 pp. http://www.marinespecies.org/mollusca/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=61
Mees, J. (1994). Het hyperbenthos van ondiepe kustgebieden en estuaria: gemeenschapsstruktuur en biologie van de dominante soorten [The hyperbenthos of shallow coastal waters and estuaries: community structure and biology of the dominant species]. PhD Thesis. Universiteit Gent. Mariene Biologie. Instituut voor Dierkunde. Vakgroep Morfologie, Systematiek en Ecologie: Gent, Belgium. 212 pp. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=815
Hamerlynck, O.; Hostens, K.; Arellano, R.V.; Mees, J.; Vandamme, P.A. (1993). The mobile epibenthic fauna of soft bottoms in the Dutch Delta (south-west Netherlands): spatial structure. Pp 343-358 in Meire, P.; Vincx, M. (Ed.): Marine and estuarine gradients: ECSA 21: Proceedings of the 21th Symposium of the Estuarine and Coastal Sciences Association held in Gent, 9-14 september 1991. Neth. J. Aquat. Ecol., 27(2-4). Netherlands Society of Aquatic Ecology: Bilthoven, The Netherlands. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=1140
van der Land, J.; Costello, M.J.; Zavodnik, D.; Santos, R.S.; Porteiro, F.M.; Bailly, N.; Eschmeyer, W.N.; Froese, R. (2001). Pisces, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 357-374 http://www.marbef.org/data/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=1411
MEDIN (2011). UK checklist of marine species derived from the applications Marine Recorder and UNICORN, version 1.0. http://www.marinespecies.org/asteroidea/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=149081
Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2011). Species.ie version 1.0 World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway (version of 15 March 2010). http://www.marinespecies.org/ascidiacea/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=149068
Kedra, M. (2010). A Checklist of marine species occurring in Polish marine waters, compiled in the framework of the PESI EU FP7 project. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=149084
Breine, J.; Stevens, M.; Van den Bergh, E.; Maes, J. (2011). A reference list of fish species for a heavily modified transitional water: The Zeeschelde (Belgium) Belg. J. Zool. 141(1): 44-55 http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=156540

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National Distribution

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United States

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Year-round

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Southern Norway north to Barents Sea including Novaya Zemlya, Spitsbergen and Bear I., also Iceland.

Bigelow, H. B. and Schroeder, W. C., 1953; Perlmutter, A., 1961; Stein, D. L. and K. W. Able, 1986; Whitehead, P. J. P., Bauchot, M.-L., Hureau, J.-C., Nielsen, J., Tortonese, E., 1984.

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Physical Description

Size

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Maximum size: 150 mm ---

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to 15 cm TL (male/unsexed).

Bigelow, H. B. and Schroeder, W. C., 1953; Perlmutter, A., 1961; Stein, D. L. and K. W. Able, 1986; Whitehead, P. J. P., Bauchot, M.-L., Hureau, J.-C., Nielsen, J., Tortonese, E., 1984.

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Diagnostic Description

Identification

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Often wrongly used for L. montagui

Hayward, P.J.; Ryland, J.S. (Ed.) (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK. ISBN 0-19-857356-1. 627 pp. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=1

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Ecology

Habitat

Habitat and Ecology

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Habitat and Ecology

Liparis liparis is a small, benthic, inshore species with a short lifespan of 1 year in the most southerly reaches of its range, and to 2 or 3 years in more northerly waters. A mature adult grows to 10–15 cm. Spawning takes place in the spring. This species feeds primarily on crustaceans, and occasionally fishes and polychaetes. This species is found in the subtidal zone to the epipelagic zone, and is reported to have a broad depth range, from just beneath the surface down to 300 m.

Systems

Marine

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Depth range based on 1 specimen in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 1 sample.

Environmental ranges
  Depth range (m): 0 - 0
  Temperature range (°C): 9.570 - 9.570
  Nitrate (umol/L): 2.996 - 2.996
  Salinity (PPS): 34.368 - 34.368
  Oxygen (ml/l): 6.497 - 6.497
  Phosphate (umol/l): 0.347 - 0.347
  Silicate (umol/l): 2.216 - 2.216

Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.

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Habitat Type: Marine

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Habitat

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The sea snali is usually found in shallow water, but can extend down to 150 m. It is sometimes found in muddy and sandy areas but lives mainly amongst rocks.

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Demersal; marine; depth to 300 m.

Bigelow, H. B. and Schroeder, W. C., 1953; Perlmutter, A., 1961; Stein, D. L. and K. W. Able, 1986; Whitehead, P. J. P., Bauchot, M.-L., Hureau, J.-C., Nielsen, J., Tortonese, E., 1984.

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Migration

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Non-Migrant: No. All populations of this species make significant seasonal migrations.

Locally Migrant: No. No populations of this species make local extended movements (generally less than 200 km) at particular times of the year (e.g., to breeding or wintering grounds, to hibernation sites).

Locally Migrant: No. No populations of this species make annual migrations of over 200 km.

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Trophic Strategy

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Primarily crustaceans, occasionally fishes and polychaetes.

Bigelow, H. B. and Schroeder, W. C., 1953; Perlmutter, A., 1961; Stein, D. L. and K. W. Able, 1986; Whitehead, P. J. P., Bauchot, M.-L., Hureau, J.-C., Nielsen, J., Tortonese, E., 1984.

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Life History and Behavior

Reproduction

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Spawn from December to March in the southern portion of their range and in spring in the northern portion; larvae are pelagic.

Bigelow, H. B. and Schroeder, W. C., 1953; Perlmutter, A., 1961; Stein, D. L. and K. W. Able, 1986; Whitehead, P. J. P., Bauchot, M.-L., Hureau, J.-C., Nielsen, J., Tortonese, E., 1984.

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Molecular Biology and Genetics

Molecular Biology

Statistics of barcoding coverage: Liparis liparis

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Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Species: 8
Species With Barcodes: 1

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Conservation

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List Assessment

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Red List Category

LC

Least Concern

Red List Criteria

Version

3.1

Year Assessed

2010

Assessor/s

Stein, D.L.

Reviewer/s

Collen, B., Richman, N., Beresford, A., Chenery, A. & Ram, M.

Contributor/s

De Silva, R., Milligan, H., Lutz, M., Batchelor, A., Jopling, B., Kemp, K., Lewis, S., Lintott, P., Sears, J., Wilson, P., Smith, J. and Livingston, F.

Justification

Liparis liparis has been assessed as Least Concern. This species has a wide distribution, a broad depth range, and a lack of threats impacting it across its full range. It is therefore unlikely to be experiencing significant population declines and can not be considered threatened.

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National NatureServe Conservation Status

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United States

Rounded National Status Rank: NNR - Unranked

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NatureServe Conservation Status

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Rounded Global Status Rank: GNR - Not Yet Ranked

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Trends

Population

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Population

There is no population information available for Liparis liparis.

Population Trend

Unknown

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Threats

Threats

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Major Threats

The near-shore habitat of Liparis liparis has been impacted by pollution discharges, such as sewage and industrial waste, over much of the last century or more. However, these impacts are thought to be localised and not impacting the species across the full extent of its range.

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Management

Conservation Actions

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Conservation Actions

There are no species-specific conservation measures in place for Liparis liparis. Further research is needed to determine the current extent and severity of threats to this species.

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Wikipedia

Liparis liparis

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This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2012)

The common seasnail (Liparis liparis) is a small marine fish of the seasnail family (Liparidae).

This fish-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

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