Occur over muddy bottoms of the continental shelf (Ref. 4340), from estuaries to coastal beaches and to relatively deep waters (less than 122 m) (Ref. 57343). Forms loosely-associated schools (Ref. 57343). Feeds on small crustaceans, fishes and other benthic organisms (Ref. 30573). Fish of 12 cm can be caught in large numbers (Ref. 9685).

Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Philippines, Society Islands and Marquesas Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Port Stephens (New South Wales), New Caledonia and Tonga.

Indo-Pacific: East Africa to French Polynesia, north to Japan, south to Australia. Has not been collected from the Red Sea or Persian Gulf (Ref. 57343).

FAO fishing area 51, FAO fishing area 57, FAO fishing area 61, FAO fishing area 71, FAO fishing area 77, FAO fishing area 81, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, New Hebrides, Reunion, Society Islands, Somalia, South Africa (country), Tahiti, Tanzania

Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Philippines, Society Islands and Marquesas Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Port Stephens (New South Wales), New Caledonia and Tonga.

Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 13; Analspines: 2; Analsoft rays: 11 - 12

Maximum size: 450 mm TL

45.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 57343)); max. published weight: 1,650 g (Ref. 40637)

Golden, dusky olive brown above, scale rows each with a dark line; fins dusky (Ref. 5492). Body with 7 or 8 prominent dark stripes along the longitudinal scale rows above lateral line and 7-9 faint stripes below. Pectoral fin rays unbranched; 4th or 5th pectoral filament longest, 22-40% of SL. Posterior margin of maxilla reaching to (or slightly extending beyond) level of posterior margin of adipose eyelid. Lower tip of 7th proximal pterygiophore of 1st dorsal fin directed backwards. Lateral squamation on caudal fin unbranched (Ref. 40970).

Occurs over muddy bottoms of the continental shelf (Ref. 4340). Attains at least 45 cm SL (Ref. 9685). Fish of 12 cm can be caught in large numbers (Ref. 9685).

demersal; brackish; marine; depth range ? - 122 m (Ref. 57343)

Depth range based on 12 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 3 samples.

Environmental ranges
  Depth range (m): 1 - 277
  Temperature range (°C): 26.151 - 27.540
  Nitrate (umol/L): 0.276 - 3.114
  Salinity (PPS): 35.924 - 36.032
  Oxygen (ml/l): 4.462 - 4.641
  Phosphate (umol/l): 0.228 - 0.546
  Silicate (umol/l): 1.386 - 4.277

Graphical representation

Depth range (m): 1 - 277

Temperature range (°C): 26.151 - 27.540

Nitrate (umol/L): 0.276 - 3.114

Salinity (PPS): 35.924 - 36.032

Oxygen (ml/l): 4.462 - 4.641

Phosphate (umol/l): 0.228 - 0.546

Silicate (umol/l): 1.386 - 4.277
 
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.

Occurs over muddy bottoms of the continental shelf (Ref. 4340), and coastal waters (Ref. 9137). Feeds on small crustaceans, fishes and other benthic organisms (Ref. 30573).

The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.


There are 3 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank.  Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species.  See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.


Download FASTA File

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 5
Specimens with Barcodes: 17
Species With Barcodes: 1

Not Evaluated

fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes