Synodus evermanni — Details

Inotted Lizardfish learn more about names for this taxon

Overview

Comprehensive Description

Description

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Common names: lizardfish (English), chile (Espanol), garrobo (Espanol), lagarto (Espanol)
 
Synodus evermanni Jordan & Bollman, 1890


Sharpnose lizardfish,     Spotted lizardfish,     Inotted lizardfish

Body very elongate, its depth 6.6-8.5 in SL; snout long and sharply pointed; eye large; lower jaw ending in a fleshy knob; mouth large, slightly oblique, at front; many rows fine pointed teeth on jaws, tongue and (in 1 band) on side of roof of mouth; gill membrane under operculum with 15-18 rays; fins without spines; one dorsal fin in midbody,10-11, with a small skin-flap fin behind it above anal fin, dorsal fin origin closer to adipose fin than snout tip; anal fin 10-11, its base shorter than base of dorsal fin; pelvics on abdomen behind pectoral base, with 8 rays, inner rays distinctly longer than outer rays; scales smooth; lateral-line scales 43-50; bases of rays of tail fin completely scaleless; lateral line straight, along entire body



Greyish brown on back, silvery whitish on sides and lower part of body, with about 8-9 diffuse dark blotches along lateral line; scales with narrow dark outlines; caudal fin dusky.

Size: reaches at least 20 cm.

Habitat: occurs on soft mud or sand bottoms, frequently captured by shrimp trawlers.

Depth: 10-300 m.



Southern Baja and the lower 2/3 of the Gulf of California to Peru.

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Biology

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Found on soft bottoms (Ref. 9348).
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Distribution

Range Description

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This species is endemic to the Eastern Pacific, and is found from Magdalena Bay, Baja California and the Gulf of California to southern Peru, including Malpelo Island.
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Depth

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Depth Range (m): 10 (S) - 300 (S)
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Zoogeography

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See Map (including site records) of Distribution in the Tropical Eastern Pacific


 
Global Endemism: All species, East Pacific endemic, Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) endemic

Regional Endemism: All species, TEP endemic, Continental TEP endemic, 3 provinces (Cortez + Mexican + Panamic) endemic, Continent, Continent only

Residency: Resident

Climate Zone: Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos), Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo), South Temperate (Peruvian Province )

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Eastern Pacific: Mazatlán, Mexico to Chilca, Peru.
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Physical Description

Morphology

Size

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Length max (cm): 20.0 (S)
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Type Information

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Syntype for Synodus evermanni Jordan & Bollman
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Preparation: Radiograph
Collector(s): United States Fish Commission (USFC)
Year Collected: 1888
Locality: Gulf of Panama, Panama, Pacific
Depth (m): 60 to 60
Vessel: Albatross
  • Syntype: Jordan, D. S. & Bollman, C. H. 1890 (1889). Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 12 (770): 152.
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Syntype for Synodus evermanni Jordan & Bollman
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Collector(s): United States Fish Commission (USFC)
Year Collected: 1888
Locality: Gulf of Panama, Panama, Pacific
Depth (m): 60 to 60
Vessel: Albatross
  • Syntype: Jordan, D. S. & Bollman, C. H. 1890 (1889). Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 12 (770): 152.
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Syntype for Synodus evermanni Jordan & Bollman
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Year Collected: 1888
Locality: Ecuador to Panama (off coast of Colombia in area before Panama was created)., Panama, Pacific
Depth (m): 60 to 60
Vessel: Albatross
  • Syntype: Jordan, D. S. & Bollman, C. H. 1890 (1889). Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 12 (770): 152.
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Syntype for Synodus evermanni Jordan & Bollman
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Collector(s): United States Fish Commission (USFC)
Year Collected: 1888
Locality: Gulf of Panama, Panama, Pacific
Depth (m): 60 to 60
Vessel: Albatross
  • Syntype: Jordan, D. S. & Bollman, C. H. 1890 (1889). Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 12 (770): 152.
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Ecology

Habitat

Habitat and Ecology

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Habitat and Ecology
This species is found on soft substrate (Bussing and Lavenberg 1995).

Systems
  • Marine
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Depth range based on 23 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 4 samples.

Environmental ranges
  Depth range (m): 1 - 306.5
  Temperature range (°C): 13.231 - 27.526
  Nitrate (umol/L): 9.759 - 33.167
  Salinity (PPS): 33.522 - 34.869
  Oxygen (ml/l): 0.501 - 4.011
  Phosphate (umol/l): 0.673 - 2.340
  Silicate (umol/l): 6.495 - 23.270

Graphical representation

Depth range (m): 1 - 306.5

Temperature range (°C): 13.231 - 27.526

Nitrate (umol/L): 9.759 - 33.167

Salinity (PPS): 33.522 - 34.869

Oxygen (ml/l): 0.501 - 4.011

Phosphate (umol/l): 0.673 - 2.340

Silicate (umol/l): 6.495 - 23.270
 
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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Depth: 25 - 275m.
From 25 to 275 meters.

Habitat: demersal. Found on soft bottoms between 25 and 275 m depth.
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Habitat

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Salinity: Marine, Marine Only

Inshore/Offshore: Inshore, Inshore Only

Water Column Position: Bottom, Bottom only

Habitat: Soft bottom (mud, sand,gravel, beach, estuary & mangrove), Soft bottom only, Mud, Sand & gravel

FishBase Habitat: Demersal
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Environment

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demersal; marine; depth range 25 - 275 m (Ref. 9348)
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Trophic Strategy

Feeding

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Feeding Group: Carnivore

Diet: mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs), octopus/squid/cuttlefish, bony fishes
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Life History and Behavior

Reproduction

Reproduction

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Egg Type: Pelagic, Pelagic larva
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Conservation

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List Assessment

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Red List Category
LC
Least Concern

Red List Criteria

Version
3.1

Year Assessed
2010

Assessor/s
Lea, B., McCosker, J.

Reviewer/s
Carpenter, K., Polidoro, B., Livingstone, S. (Global Marine Species Assessment Team)

Contributor/s

Justification
This species is widespread in the Eastern Pacific region and is abundant at least part of its range. There is no current indication of population decline from capture as by-catch by shrimp fisheries. It is listed as Least Concern.
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Conservation status

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IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed

CITES: Not listed
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Population

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Population
In research cruises conducted by the R/V El Puma between 1990-92 in the Sinaloa-Nayarit area (five cruises) and in the Gulf of Tehuantepec (three cruises), Synodus species were frequently caught in the Sinaloa-Nayarit area and tended to be more abundant further from the coast. In the Gulf of Tehuantepec, the largest catches were obtained off Salina Cruz. The length of this species ranged from six to 29 cm, and they were collected below 30 m. In Sinaloa-Nayarit, this species was more abundant at depths greater than 90 m, and its length range increased with depth. At depths greater than 90 m, only fish over 30 cm were found (Morales-Nin 1996). Differences in abundance between Sinaloa-Nayarit and the Gulf of Tehuantepec may be due to different ecobiological causes.

Population Trend
Unknown
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Threats

Threats

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Major Threats
This species occurs in shrimp trawl by-catch. The larger body lengths for this species found at increased depths in Sinaloa-Nayarit compared to the Gulf of Tehuantepec may be indicative of more exploitative fisheries in the Sinaloa-Nayarit area (Morales-Nin 1996).
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Least Concern (LC)
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Management

Conservation Actions

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Conservation Actions
There are no known conservation measures specifically for this species. However, it occurs in Marine Protected Areas of the Gulf of California and Malpelo (WDPA 2006).
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