The longfin escolar, Scombrolabrax heterolepis, also known as the black mackerel, is a widespread but uncommon deep sea fish that presents some difficulties for taxonomy.

It is placed in its own family Scombrolabracidae, but the family's placement in the suborders of Perciformes has included Scombroidei, Percoidei, and Trichiuiroidei, while some authors place it in its own suborder Scombrolabracoidei.

The fish bears some resemblance to members of Gempylidae, but has protrusible premaxilla, serrated opercle and preopercle, and a spur on the lowest principal caudal ray, all of which are characteristic of percoids. Its color varies from black to dark brown. This fish is known to grow to 30 cm in length. The body is covered in soft scales which easily slough off when handled. The eyes are large and there is usually a single pair of elongated teeth in the middle of the top jaw.

The longfin escolar is unique among fishes for having several of its vertebrae hollowed out and filled by evaginations of the gas bladder. It is most often encountered as a bycatch species in pelagic longline fisheries.

References

• "Scombrolabrax heterolepis". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=172366. Retrieved 18 April 2006. 
• Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2006). "Scombrolabracidae" in FishBase. January 2006 version.
• Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2006). "Scombrolabrax heterolepis" in FishBase. January 2006 version.
• J. S. Nelson, Fishes of the World.