Circumglobal in temperate to tropical oceanic waters.

View data on Catalog of Fishes here.

Kermadec Islands, Challenger station 171, depth 600 fathoms.

Lectotype: BMNH 1887.12.7.174.

Badcock J. 1984. Gonostomatidae. pp. 284–301. In: P.J.P. Whitehead MLB, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen, and E. Tortonese editor. Fishes of the Northeastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Paris: Unesco. p 1473 pp.

An oceanic, deep mesopelagic to bathypelagic species (Ref. 4769). Precise depth range dependent upon developmental stage, latitude, season (Ref. 4769). Doest not exhibit diel vertical migrations (Ref. 4769). A non-seasonal breeder with no recognizable age-cohorts (Ref. 82363). Feeds mainly on copepods (Ref. 4769).

circumglobal, widespread throughout the Atlantic

Azores Exclusive Economic Zone, European waters (ERMS scope), FAO fishing area 67, Gulf of Maine, Gulf of Mexico, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Mauritius, New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone, North East Pacific, North Pacific, North West Atlantic, Portugese Exclusive Economic Zone, Reunion, South Africa (country), Spanish Exclusive Economic Zone

Canada

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Year-round

Widely distributed in all Atlantic, tropical and austral Indian and Pacific Oceans (Ref. 4463). Southern Ocean: probably circum-Antarctic between the Antarctic Polar Front and the Antarctic continental shelf (Ref. 5162).

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 13 - 15; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 17 - 20

The following is a general description of the morphology of species of the genus Cyclothone from Badcock (1984).

Species of the genus typically small, fairly elongate. Pseudobranch absent; gill filaments longer in males; branchiostegal rays 13–14 (5–6 on epihyal). Dorsal- and anal-fin origins about opposite; last dorsal- and anal-fin rays not split to base; dorsal adipose fin absent; anus closer to pelvi-fin base than to anal-fin origin or a midpoint. Swimbladder regressed in adults. Scales present or absent.

Males to 49 mm, females to 66 mm SL.

Maximum size: 76 mm TL

7.6 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 4925))

Body elongate; mouth large; premaxillary teeth even; vomer with teeth. Pseudobranch absent, gillrakers on first arch 20 (19–22), 4–5 on hypobranchial, no rakers in articulation of epi- and ceratobranchial; gill filaments fused basally in broad segrnent shape along hypobranchial; branchiostegal rays 13 (12–14), 5 (6) on epihyal. Dorsal-fin rays (13) 14; pectoral-fin rays 9–10; pelvic finrays (5) 6; anal-fin rays 19 (17–20); dorsal- and anal- fin origins about opposite; last dorsal and anal-fin rays not split to base; dorsal adipose fin absent; anus closer to pelvic-fin bases than to anal origin. Vertebrae 32 (31–33). Pyloric caecae 3. Scales present.

Photophores: SO absent, ORB 1, OP 2, BR 9–10, IV (2) 3 + 10; VAV 5, 3 (4) anterior to genital opening; AC 14–15, one between last anal and first procurrent ray; OA 8 (9); glandular streak between OP weakly developed; supracaudal gland weakly but distinctly developed reticulum extending less distinctly anteriorly, either side of dorsal base, to dorsal origin; infracaudal gland similar but confined to procurrent rays. Color uniformly dark brown, gular area excepted.

Brown to brown-black in color; dense stellate pigment over head, body and fins (Ref. 3991).

Cotype for Cyclothone microdon
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Year Collected: 1880
Locality: No Data
Depth (m): 2535 to 2535

nektonic

Found at depths of 200 to 2700 m.

Depth range based on 358 specimens in 2 taxa.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 354 samples.

Environmental ranges
  Depth range (m): 0 - 4800
  Temperature range (°C): 0.514 - 17.363
  Nitrate (umol/L): 1.724 - 44.812
  Salinity (PPS): 34.145 - 36.026
  Oxygen (ml/l): 0.689 - 6.698
  Phosphate (umol/l): 0.285 - 3.250
  Silicate (umol/l): 1.847 - 179.332

Graphical representation

Depth range (m): 0 - 4800

Temperature range (°C): 0.514 - 17.363

Nitrate (umol/L): 1.724 - 44.812

Salinity (PPS): 34.145 - 36.026

Oxygen (ml/l): 0.689 - 6.698

Phosphate (umol/l): 0.285 - 3.250

Silicate (umol/l): 1.847 - 179.332
 
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.

Habitat Type: Marine

Oceanic, deep meso- to bathypelagic, precise depth range dependent upon developmental stage, latitude, season: pre-metamorphic postlarvae in upper 50 m; metamorphic post-larvae at 400–800 m; juveniles and adults at 500–2,700 m; no diel vertical migrations.

Depth: 200 - 2700m.
From 200 to 2700 meters.

Habitat: bathypelagic.

bathypelagic; marine; depth range 200 - 5301 m (Ref. 58426), usually 500 - 2700 m (Ref. 82363)

Non-Migrant: No. All populations of this species make significant seasonal migrations.

Locally Migrant: No. No populations of this species make local extended movements (generally less than 200 km) at particular times of the year (e.g., to breeding or wintering grounds, to hibernation sites).

Locally Migrant: No. No populations of this species make annual migrations of over 200 km.

Consumes mainly copepods.

Protandrous, sex reversal observed in the eastern North Atlantic (Ref. 5162). Sex reversal at 22-24 mm SL (Ref. 4769).

Protandrous, sex reversal at 22–42 mm SL; spawning season summer-autumn; ripe eggs about 0.5 mm diameter; ovulation all or none, with 2,000–10,000 eggs/ovary pair, fecundity increasing in higher latitudes; length at metamorphosis 11–14 mm SL.

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Species: 25
Species With Barcodes: 1

Rounded Global Status Rank: GNR - Not Yet Ranked

Canada

Rounded National Status Rank: NNR - Unranked

Not Evaluated

fisheries: of no interest