Benthosema suborbitale — Details

Smallfin Lanternfish learn more about names for this taxon

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Overview

Comprehensive Description

Biology

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High-oceanic, epipelagic to mesopelagic, found in 375-750 m during the day and near the surface to 125 m at night (Ref. 4066, 58302). Adults feed on zooplankton (Ref. 9835). Caudal glands develop in both sexes from about 1.9 cm (Ref. 4775). Oviparous, with planktonic eggs and larvae (Ref. 31442).

Hulley, P.A. 1990 Myctophidae. p. 398-467. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI; Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4479) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4479&speccode=21

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Distribution

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Azores Exclusive Economic Zone, European waters (ERMS scope), Gulf of Maine, Gulf of Mexico, New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone, North West Atlantic, Portuguese Exclusive Economic Zone, Rodriguez, Spanish Exclusive Economic Zone

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS) http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901
Anon. (2000). FishBase 2000 [CD-ROM]. ICLARM: Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. 4 cd-roms pp. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=6542
Gordon, D. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Volume One: Kingdom Animalia. 584 pp http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=sourcedetails&id=145244
Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas. http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=sourcedetails&id=145245
van der Land, J.; Costello, M.J.; Zavodnik, D.; Santos, R.S.; Porteiro, F.M.; Bailly, N.; Eschmeyer, W.N.; Froese, R. (2001). Pisces, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 357-374 http://www.marbef.org/data/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=1411
Johnson CL, Runge JA, Curtis KA, Durbin EG, Hare JA, Incze LS, Link J, Melvin GD, O'Brien TD, Van Guelpen, L (in revision) Biodiversity and ecosystem function in the Gulf of Maine: pattern and role of zooplankton and pelagic nekton. PLoS One. http://www.vliz.be/vmdcdata/masdea/masdea.php?p=sourcedetails&id=148111
Borges, P.A.V., Costa, A., Cunha, R., Gabriel, R., Gonçalves, V., Martins, A.F., Melo, I., Parente, M., Raposeiro, P., Rodrigues, P., Santos, R.S., Silva, L., Vieira, P. & Vieira, V. (Eds.) (2010). A list of the terrestrial and marine biota from the Azores. Princípia, Oeiras, 432 pp. http://www.marinespecies.org/ascidiacea/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=149079
Ramos, M. (ed.). 2010. IBERFAUNA. The Iberian Fauna Databank http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=149024

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Circumglobal in tropical and temperate waters, but with a distinct equatorial gap in the Pacific (Ref. 9835). Western Atlantic: Canada to Brazil. Eastern Atlantic: Morocco to Mauritania and from Liberia to Namibia (absent in Mauritanian Upwelling Region). Indian and Pacific: confined to southern equatorial water masses, extending to 50°N and 50°S in western boundary currents. South China Sea (Ref.74511).

Hulley, P.A. 1990 Myctophidae. p. 398-467. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI; Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4479) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4479&speccode=21

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Canada to Brazil

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS) http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901

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Circumglobal in tropical and subtropical seas (including Mascarenes, Hawaiian Islands).

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Physical Description

Morphology

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Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 12 - 14; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 16 - 19; Vertebrae: 33 - 35

Hulley, P.A. 1986 Myctophidae. p. 282-321. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4066) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4066&speccode=10238

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Size

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Maximum size: 39 mm SL

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Max. size

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3.9 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 4479)); max. reported age: 1 years (Ref. 4882)

Hulley, P.A. 1990 Myctophidae. p. 398-467. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI; Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4479) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4479&speccode=21
Gartner, J.V. Jr. 1991 Life histories of three species of lanternfishes (Pisces: Myctophidae) from the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Mar. Biol. 111:21-27. (Ref. 4882) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4882&speccode=6589

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Type Information

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Paratype for Benthosema suborbitale
Catalog Number: USNM 74662
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Year Collected: 1906
Locality: Omai Saki Light, N. 29.5 degrees E., 41 miles. (Off Omai Saki Light (20 to 40 miles distant))., Honshu, Japan, Pacific
Depth (m): 1679
Vessel: Albatross

Paratype: Gilbert, C. H. 1913. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum. 6 (2): 82.

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Paratype for Benthosema suborbitale
Catalog Number: USNM 74661
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Year Collected: 1906
Locality: Tsurikake Saki Light, S. 86 degrees E., 11.7 miles. (10 to 30 miles SW of Koshika Islands, Eastern Sea)., Japan, East China Sea, Pacific
Depth (m): 549 to 794
Vessel: Albatross

Paratype: Gilbert, C. H. 1913. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum. 6 (2): 82.

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Cotype for Benthosema suborbitale
Catalog Number: USNM 74500
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Year Collected: 1906
Locality: Kusakuki Jima, N. 10 degrees E., 17.5 miles. (About 90 miles WSW of Kagoshima Gulf, Eastern Sea)., Japan, East China Sea, Pacific
Depth (m): 549 to 805
Vessel: Albatross

Cotype: Gilbert, C. H. 1913. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum. 6 (2): 82.

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Type for Benthosema suborbitale
Catalog Number: USNM 74473
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Year Collected: 1906
Locality: Ose Saki, S. 85.5 degrees E., 7.7 miles. (In Suruga Gulf, Japan)., Honshu, Japan, Suruga Bay, Pacific
Depth (m): 549
Vessel: Albatross

Type: Gilbert, C. H. 1913. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum. 6 (2): 82.

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Ecology

Habitat

Environment

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bathypelagic; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); marine; depth range 50 - 2500 m (Ref. 26165), usually 500 - 600 m (Ref. 4775)

Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51243&speccode=4683
Hulley, P.A. 1984 Myctophidae. p. 429-483. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4775) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4775&speccode=21
Weitkamp, D.E. and R.D. Sullivan 2003 Gas bubble disease in resident fish of the lower clark fork river. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 132(5):865-876. (Ref. 26165) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26165&speccode=616

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nektonic

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS) http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901

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Occasionally found in Canadian Atlantic waters. Found at depths of 50- 2500 m.

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS) http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901

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Known from seamounts and knolls

Stocks, K. 2009. Seamounts Online: an online information system for seamount biology. Version 2009-1. World Wide Web electronic publication. http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=sourcedetails&id=145453

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Depth range based on 315 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 293 samples.

Environmental ranges
  Depth range (m): 0 - 4300
  Temperature range (°C): 1.823 - 25.900
  Nitrate (umol/L): 0.122 - 38.897
  Salinity (PPS): 34.324 - 37.096
  Oxygen (ml/l): 1.958 - 5.961
  Phosphate (umol/l): 0.028 - 2.777
  Silicate (umol/l): 0.798 - 141.240

Graphical representation

Depth range (m): 0 - 4300

Temperature range (°C): 1.823 - 25.900

Nitrate (umol/L): 0.122 - 38.897

Salinity (PPS): 34.324 - 37.096

Oxygen (ml/l): 1.958 - 5.961

Phosphate (umol/l): 0.028 - 2.777

Silicate (umol/l): 0.798 - 141.240

Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.

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Depth: 50 - 2500m.
From 50 to 2500 meters.

Habitat: bathypelagic.

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Migration

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Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.

Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51243&speccode=4683

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Trophic Strategy

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High-oceanic, epipelagic to mesopelagic, found in 375-750 m during the day and near the surface to 125 m at night. Adults feed on zooplankton.

Hulley, P.A. 1990 Myctophidae. p. 398-467. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI; Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4479) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4479&speccode=21

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Life History and Behavior

Life Cycle

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Oviparous (Ref. 31442).

Moser, H.G. and E.H. Ahlstrom 1996 Myctophidae: lanternfishes. p. 387-475. In H.G. Moser (ed.) The early stages of fishes in the California Current Region. California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) Atlas No. 33. 1505 p. (Ref. 31442) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31442&speccode=50707

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Molecular Biology and Genetics

Molecular Biology

Statistics of barcoding coverage: Benthosema suborbitale

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Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Specimens with Barcodes: 14
Species With Barcodes: 1

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Conservation

Threats

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Not Evaluated

IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073

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