Table of Contents
Overview
Comprehensive Description
Biology
Apparently confined to coastal waters in rocky areas with seaweeds (Ref. 9710).
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Bruce, R.W. and J.E. Randall 1985 A revision of the Indo-West Pacific parrotfish genera Calotomus and Leptoscarus (Scaridae: Sparisomatinae). Indo-Pacific Fishes (5):32 p. (Ref. 525)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=525&speccode=4355
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Distribution
Range Description
This species is found from Taiwan and southern Japan, and at least as far as Tokyo, to Korea. The record from northwest Hawaii was an old record of mis-identified C. zonarcha (R. Myers pers comm. 2010).
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Northwest Pacific: southern Japan, and at least as far as Tokyo, and the adjacent Asian mainland.
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Bruce, R.W. and J.E. Randall 1985 A revision of the Indo-West Pacific parrotfish genera Calotomus and Leptoscarus (Scaridae: Sparisomatinae). Indo-Pacific Fishes (5):32 p. (Ref. 525)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=525&speccode=4355
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Physical Description
Morphology
Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 9 - 10; Vertebrae: 25
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Bruce, R.W. and J.E. Randall 1985 A revision of the Indo-West Pacific parrotfish genera Calotomus and Leptoscarus (Scaridae: Sparisomatinae). Indo-Pacific Fishes (5):32 p. (Ref. 525)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=525&speccode=4355
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Size
Max. size
39.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 9710))
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Lieske, E. and R. Myers 1994 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. (Ref. 9710)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9710&speccode=13770
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Diagnostic Description
Flexible to semi-pungent dorsal spines; a dark central blotch on inter spinous membrane of dorsal spines I and II. Area circumscribed by pectoral fin unspotted. Rounded caudal fins at all sizes. Reddish brown in color when fresh with white and pale gray scale markings. Reddish pelvic fins with whitish blotches. Number of upper jaw teeth initially increasing with size. Yellow iris, blotched with dark brown. Lateral line interrupted.
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Bruce, R.W. and J.E. Randall 1985 A revision of the Indo-West Pacific parrotfish genera Calotomus and Leptoscarus (Scaridae: Sparisomatinae). Indo-Pacific Fishes (5):32 p. (Ref. 525)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=525&speccode=4355
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Type Information
Type for Calotomus japonicus
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Preparation: Illustration
Collector(s): O. Jenkins
Locality: Honolulu, Hawaii, Oahu, Hawaii, United States, Hawaiian Islands, Pacific
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Fishes
Preparation: Illustration
Collector(s): O. Jenkins
Locality: Honolulu, Hawaii, Oahu, Hawaii, United States, Hawaiian Islands, Pacific
- Type:
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Ecology
Habitat
Habitat and Ecology
Habitat and Ecology
Systems
This species is confined to coastal waters in rocky areas with seaweed (Lieske and Myers 1994). It is sexually dichromatic. C. japonicus is a protogynous hermaphrodite: male specimens have secondary testes but primary males are relatively rare, if they occur at all. The species has a weak size-sex relationship: males range from 265 to 345 mm SL, and are larger than the females (202 to 260 mm SL) on average, but a female of 305 mm SL has been obtained (Kusen and Nakazano 1991).
Systems
- Marine
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Life History and Behavior
Life Cycle
Pelagic spawner.
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Kusen, J.D. and A. Nakazono 1991 Protogynous hermaphroditism in the parrotfish, Calotomus japonicus. Jap. J. Ichthyol. 38(1):41-45. (Ref. 32183)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=32183&speccode=4356
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Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Statistics of barcoding coverage: Calotomus japonicus
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Species: 1
Species With Barcodes: 1
Public Records: 0
Species: 1
Species With Barcodes: 1
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Conservation
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List Assessment
Red List Category
LC
Least Concern
Red List Criteria
Version
3.1
Year Assessed
2010
Assessor/s
Russell, B., Myers, R., Choat, J.H., Clements, K.D., Rocha, L.A., Lazuardi, M.E., Muljadi, A., Pardede, S. & Rahardjo, P.
Reviewer/s
McIlwain, J. & Craig, M.T.
Contributor/s
Justification
This species is relatively common over its range. There are no known major threats and it occurs in a number of marine protected areas in parts of its range. It is therefore listed as Least Concern.
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Trends
Population
Population
Population Trend
This species is common over its range. It is a prominent member of reef fish communities from central Honshu to Kyoshu, Japan (Kusen and Nakazono 1991).
Population Trend
Unknown
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Threats
Threats
Major Threats
There are no major threats known for this species.
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Least Concern (LC)
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IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073
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Management
Conservation Actions
Conservation Actions
There are no species-specific conservation measures in place for this species. However, its distribution overlaps several marine protected areas within its range. Fishery management in coastal areas in Japan is based on traditional local fishery rights: a group of fishermen (fishery cooperative associations) traditionally assume exclusive rights for operating certain fisheries and, thus, assume all the responsibility for long-term sustainability of resources (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development).This type of management appear to be stable (R.F. Myers pers comm. 2009).
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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems
Benefits
Importance
fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes
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Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen 1993 Meeresfische der Welt - Groß-Indopazifische Region. Tetra Verlag, Herrenteich, Melle. 528 p. (Ref. 9137)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9137&speccode=4599
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