Poeciliopsis elongata — Details

Elongate Toothcarp learn more about names for this taxon

Overview

Comprehensive Description

Biology

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Forms large schools among mangroves in estuaries and brackish river mouths; also abundant in salt pans (Ref. 11482). Often in turbid, shallow surface waters. Ingests ooze and detritus (Ref. 36880). A truly viviparous fish (Ref. 45952).
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Description

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Common names: toothcarp (English), olomina (Espanol)
 
Poeciliopsis elongata (Günther, 1866)


Elongate toothcarp


Head profile slightly convex; relatively wide mouth; jaw teeth very small, nearly indistinguishable on posterior part of upper jaw; 29-32 gill rakers; dorsal I,7-9 (usually 8) long and pointed in male; anal II, 6-7; pectoral usually reaching to middle of pelvic fin; pelvic rays 7 & 8 distorted, converging or in contact at midlength; male sex organ a tube on left side formed by folded anal fin rays, long (reaches to or nearly to the base of the tail fin) and slender, spines or hooks near its tip; scales large, smooth, 28-33 along mid-side.

Olive brown on back, silvery on sides, yellowish on belly; often with 8-10 faint darkish crossbars on flanks of rear ¾ of body, rarely with black speckling or mottling; fins plain.

Size: grows to 15 cm.

Habitat: forms large aggregations amongst mangroves in estuaries and brackish river mouths.

Depth: 0-2 m.

Costa Rica and Panama.

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Distribution

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Eastern Central Pacific: Costa Rica and Panama.
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Range Description

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This species is present in Central America from Costa Rica to Panama. It has an area of occupancy estimated to be less than 2,000 km²
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(Pacific) Costa Rica and Panama.
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Depth

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Depth Range (m): 0 (S) - 2 (S)
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Zoogeography

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See Map (including site records) of Distribution in the Tropical Eastern Pacific


 
Global Endemism: All species, East Pacific endemic, Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) endemic

Regional Endemism: All species, TEP endemic, Continental TEP endemic, Panamic province endemic, Continent, Continent only

Residency: Resident

Climate Zone: Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo)

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Physical Description

Morphology

Size

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Length max (cm): 15.0 (S)
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Size

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Maximum size: 110 mm NG
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Max. size

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13.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 36880))
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Ecology

Habitat

Environment

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benthopelagic; freshwater; brackish; pH range: 7.2 - 8.0; dH range: 10 - 30
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Habitat and Ecology

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Habitat and Ecology
This is a benthopelagic species that forms large schools among mangroves in estuaries and brackish river mouths; it is also abundant in salt pans (Allen and Robertson 1994). This species is often found in turbid, shallow surface waters. It is found no deeper than 2 m. It ingests ooze and detritus (Bussing 1998) and the diet includes zooplankton and insects. It tolerates hypersaline, brackish and freshwater environments.

Systems
  • Freshwater
  • Marine
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Depth range based on 5 specimens in 1 taxon.

Environmental ranges
  Depth range (m): 0.55 - 2

Graphical representation

Depth range (m): 0.55 - 2
 
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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Salinity: Hypersaline, Brackish, Freshwater

Inshore/Offshore: Inshore, Inshore Only

Water Column Position: Surface, Mid Water, Bottom

Habitat: Soft bottom (mud, sand,gravel, beach, estuary & mangrove), Soft bottom only, Estuary, Mangrove, Freshwater

FishBase Habitat: Bentho-Pelagic
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Trophic Strategy

Feeding

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Feeding Group: Carnivore, Planktivore, Detritivore

Diet: detritus, zooplankton, Insects
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Life History and Behavior

Life Cycle

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A truly viviparous fish, embryo derives nearly all of its nourishment from the mother (Ref. 45952).
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Reproduction

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Egg Type: Live birth, No pelagic larva, No pelagic phase
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Molecular Biology and Genetics

Molecular Biology

Statistics of barcoding coverage: Poeciliopsis elongata

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Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Specimens with Barcodes: 4
Species With Barcodes: 1
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Conservation

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List Assessment

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Red List Category
NT
Near Threatened

Red List Criteria

Version
3.1

Year Assessed
2010

Assessor/s
Iwamoto, T., Eschmeyer, W., Alvarado, J., Bussing, W.

Reviewer/s
Carpenter, K., Polidoro, B., Livingstone, S. (Global Marine Species Assessment Team)

Contributor/s

Justification
This species is only known from Costa Rica and Panama, where it is restricted to shallow water mangrove and estuarine habitats, with an area of occupancy estimated to be less than 2,000 km², and continued decline of mangrove habitat due to coastal development. There has been an estimated 28% loss of mangrove area within its range over the past 15 to 20 years. It is listed as Near Threatened under Criterion B.

History
  • 2007
    Least Concern
    (IUCN 2009.2)
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IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed

CITES: Not listed
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Population

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Population
It is considered uncommon in its range.

Population Trend
Unknown
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Threats

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Near Threatened (NT)
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Major Threats
This species is threatened by coastal development and loss of mangrove habitat within its restricted range. It is estimated that at least 28% of mangrove area has been lost within this species range over the past 15 to 20 years (FAO 2007). As of the year 2000, there was only approximately 2,200 km² of mangrove habitat in Costa Rica and Panama (including both Atlantica and Pacific coasts) (FAO 2007).
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Management

Conservation Actions

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Conservation Actions
There are no species specific conservation measures in place. There are a few small marine protected areas present within this species' restricted range (WDPA 2006).
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