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Barbatula barbatula — Details

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Overview

Comprehensive Description

Biology

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Usually found in flowing stretches of streams and medium-sized rivers with gravel to stone bottom, but also in a variety of other habitats, including sandy canals and lake shores. Larvae are benthic. Larvae and small juveniles prefer sand bottom and slow current, shifting to gravel bottom and fast current when growing. Preys on relatively large benthic invertebrates such as gammarids, chironomids, insect larvae. Breeds on gravel, sand or among aquatic vegetation. Tolerates moderate organic pollution and stream canalization and very sensitive to pollution by heavy metals (Ref. 59043). Sensitive to pollution and low oxygen levels, therefore, its presence in a river can be taken as an indication of good water quality (Ref. 6111).

Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol, Switzerland. 646 p. (Ref. 59043) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=59043&speccode=231

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Distribution

Range Description

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Europe north of Caucasus, Pyrénées and Alps, from Loire and Rhône drainages eastward; British Isles (except northern Scotland), southern Sweden and Finland (northward to about 66°N); Danube and Vardar drainages. Several similar species in Asia, as far as Japan (including B. toni, which earlier was considered conspecific).

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Eurasia: Europe north of Caucasus, Pyrénées and Alps, from Loire and Rhone drainages eastward; British Isles ( except northern Scotland), southern Sweden and Finland (northward to about 66°N); northeastern Italy; Danube and Vardar drainages (Ref. 59043); Asia to China (Ref. 6111).

Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol, Switzerland. 646 p. (Ref. 59043) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=59043&speccode=231

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Physical Description

Morphology

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Dorsal spines (total): 3; Dorsal soft rays (total): 6 - 8; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 5 - 6

Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino 1984 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=559&speccode=7

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Size

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Maximum size: 210 mm NG

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Max. size

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21.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 1441)); max. published weight: 200 g (Ref. 5504); max. reported age: 7 years (Ref. 6111)

Bristow, P. 1992 The illustrated encyclopedia of fishes. Chancellor Press, London. (Ref. 5504) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5504&speccode=6377

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Diagnostic Description

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Distinguished from its congeners in Europe by the following combination of characters: caudal fin usually slightly emarginate (truncate in a few populations); pelvic origin beneath dorsal origin or under branched dorsal rays 1-2; caudal peduncle depth 1.4-2.2 (usually 1.6-2.0) times in its length, 1.2-1.8 times in body depth; often lacking dark blotches along back between nape and dorsal (Ref. 59043). Body elongated, anteriorly somewhat depressed, posteriorly laterally compressed. Three pairs of mouth barbels. No erectile spine below eye. Posterior margin of caudal fin slightly notched. Caudal fin with 15-17 rays (Ref. 2196).

Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino 1984 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=559&speccode=7

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Ecology

Habitat

Habitat and Ecology

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Habitat and Ecology

Habitat:
Usually in flowing stretches of streams and medium-sized rivers with gravel to stone bottom, but also in a variety of other habitats, including sandy canals and lake shores. Spawns on gravel, sand or among aquatic vegetation. Larvae and small juveniles prefer sand bottom and slow current, shifting to gravel bottom and fast current when growing.

Biology:
Spawns for the first time usually at one year in central and southern Europe, 2-3 years in nutrient poor habitats and in northern Europe; most individuals spawn 1-2 seasons. Spawns in April-June at temperatures above 10°C, usually early morning. Open substrate, multiple spawner. Eggs are released in open water, often close to surface, drift and adhere to different substrates; they are often covered by sand or detritus. Individual females may spawn every day for a short period. Benthic larvae. Feeds on relative large benthic invertebrates (gammarids, chironomids, insect larvae). Tolerant to moderate organic pollution and stream canalisation, very sensitive to pollution by heavy metals.

Systems

Freshwater

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Environment

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demersal; potamodromous (Ref. 51243); freshwater; pH range: 7.0 - 7.7; dH range: 10 - 15

Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51243&speccode=4683

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Migration

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Potamodromous. Migrating within streams, migratory in rivers, e.g. Saliminus, Moxostoma, Labeo. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.

Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51243&speccode=4683

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Life History and Behavior

Life Cycle

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Spawns once a year for several years in low productivity streams, but exhibits multiple spawning within a season in high productivity environments (Ref. 40290, 40756). Releases eggs in open open water, often close to surface. Eggs drift and adhere to different substrates and are often covered by sand or detritus. Individual females may spawn daily for a short period (Ref. 59043).

Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205&speccode=1256

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Molecular Biology and Genetics

Molecular Biology

Statistics of barcoding coverage: Barbatula barbatula toni

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Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Species: 1
Species With Barcodes: 1

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Barcode data: Barbatula barbatula

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The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.

There are 27 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.

IFCZE459-10|IFCZE0726|Barbatula barbatula| ------------------------------------------CTCTACCTAGTATTTGGTGCCTGAGCGGGTATAGTCGGAACTGCCCTA---AGCCTATTAATCCGAGCCGAACTTAGTCAGCCAGGGTCCCTCCTTGGCGAC---GACCAAATCTACAACGTTATTGTCACCGCACATGCCTTTGTCATAATCTTCTTTATAGTAATGCCCATCCTCATCGGAGGTTTTGGTAATTGACTTGTACCACTAATG---ATTGGGGCCCCCGATATGGCGTTCCCACGTATAAATAACATAAGCTTCTGACTCCTACCACCCTCTTTTCTTTTACTACTGGCCTCATCAGGTGTTGAGGCAGGAGCAGGAACAGGGTGGACAGTGTATCCTCCCCTTGCAGGCAACCTTGCCCACGCTGGAGCATCCGTTGACTTA---ACTATTTTTTCTCTACACCTAGCTGGAGCCTCATCTATTCTTGGAGCCATTAATTTTATTACGACTACAATTAATATGAAACCCCCAGCCATCTCCCAATACCAAACCCCCCTTTTTGTGTGGTCCGTCCTAGTAACTGCTGTCCTCCTGCTTCTATCCCTGCCTGTATTAGCCGCC---GGTATTACCATGCTCCTTACAGACCGGAACCTAAATACTACATTCTTCGACCCGTCAGGAGGAGGAGATCCCATCCTTTATCAACACCTA-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- end --

Download FASTA File

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Statistics of barcoding coverage: Barbatula barbatula

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Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 27
Species: 92
Species With Barcodes: 1

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Conservation

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List Assessment

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Red List Category

LC

Least Concern

Red List Criteria

Version

3.1

Year Assessed

2011

Assessor/s

Freyhof, J.

Reviewer/s

Kottelat, M. & Smith, K.

Contributor/s

Kottelat, M.

Justification

A widespread species with no known major widespread threats.

European Union 27 = LC. Rationale same as above.

History

2008

Least Concern

(IUCN 2008)
1996

Lower Risk/least concern

(Baillie and Groombridge 1996)

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Trends

Population

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Population

Abundant.

Population Trend

Unknown

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Threats

Threats

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Major Threats

No major threats known.

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Least Concern (LC)

IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073

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Management

Conservation Actions

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Conservation Actions

No information available.

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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems

Benefits

Importance

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fisheries: minor commercial; aquarium: public aquariums; bait: occasionally

Vostradovsky, J. 1973 Freshwater fishes. The Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited, London. 252 p. (Ref. 9696) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9696&speccode=4604
Anonymous 1997 Species kept in the Kiel Aquarium in August 1997. Unpublished. 4 p. http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13389

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Wikipedia

Stone Loach

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The Stone loach, Barbatula barbatula, is a species of ray-finned fish in the Balitoridae family.

It is found in Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, and the United Kingdom.

Stone Loaches live amongst the gravel and stones of fast flowing water where they can search for food. The most distinctive feature of this 14 cm fish is the presence of barbels around the bottom jaw, which they use to detect their invertebrate prey. The body is a mixture of brown, green and yellow.

A common fish in clear rivers and streams with gravel and sandy bottoms. This is most likely in upland areas but also chalk streams. They live on the bottom, often partly buried, and they are particularly active at night.

References

^ J. Freyhof & M. Kottelat (2008). "Barbatula barbatula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/14494. Retrieved February 9, 2010.

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