Overview
Comprehensive Description
Biology
Most abundant in waters deeper than 750 m. Feeds mainly on benthic organisms.
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Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba 1990 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10).x+442p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 1371)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1371&speccode=25
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FishBase
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Distribution
Range Description
This species is endemic to the Mediterranean Sea. It is found in northwest areas, including Catalan Sea (Carrasson et al. 1997, Cartes and Carrasson 2004, Coll et al. 2006) and the Tyrrhenian Sea. It also occurs in the Ionian Sea (D'Onghia et al. 2004).
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IUCN
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Distribution
European waters (ERMS scope), Portugese Exclusive Economic Zone, Spanish Exclusive Economic Zone
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van der Land, J.; Costello, M.J.; Zavodnik, D.; Santos, R.S.; Porteiro, F.M.; Bailly, N.; Eschmeyer, W.N.; Froese, R. (2001). Pisces, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 357-374
http://www.marbef.org/data/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=1411
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Ramos, M. (ed.). 2010. IBERFAUNA. The Iberian Fauna Databank
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=149024
© WoRMS for SMEBD
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World Register of Marine Species
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Mediterranean Sea: northwestern region.
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Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba 1990 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10).x+442p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 1371)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1371&speccode=25
© WorldFish Center - FishBase
Source:
FishBase
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Physical Description
Morphology
Dorsal spines (total): 0; Analspines: 0
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Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba 1990 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10).x+442p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 1371)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1371&speccode=25
© WorldFish Center - FishBase
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FishBase
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Size
Max. size
34.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 1371))
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Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba 1990 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10).x+442p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 1371)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1371&speccode=25
© WorldFish Center - FishBase
Source:
FishBase
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Diagnostic Description
Posterior nostril immediately anterior to eye. Lateral line system on head with pit but no pores. Pyloric caeca 8 to 10.
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Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba 1990 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10).x+442p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 1371)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1371&speccode=25
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FishBase
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Ecology
Habitat
Habitat and Ecology
Habitat and Ecology
Systems
This is a bathypelagic species, mostly abundant in waters deeper than 750 m on soft bottoms. Its diet included a broad range of benthic and pelagic prey, the planktonic prey are most abundant at 100-1,400 m and are almost entirely absent at 1,800-2,200 m while suprabenthos preys increases with depth (Carrasson et al. 1997).
Systems
- Marine
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IUCN
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Depth range based on 3 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 2 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 764 - 1174
Temperature range (°C): 8.153 - 8.153
Nitrate (umol/L): 18.322 - 18.322
Salinity (PPS): 35.569 - 35.569
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.679 - 4.679
Phosphate (umol/l): 1.155 - 1.155
Silicate (umol/l): 11.832 - 11.832
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 764 - 1174
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 2 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 764 - 1174
Temperature range (°C): 8.153 - 8.153
Nitrate (umol/L): 18.322 - 18.322
Salinity (PPS): 35.569 - 35.569
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.679 - 4.679
Phosphate (umol/l): 1.155 - 1.155
Silicate (umol/l): 11.832 - 11.832
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 764 - 1174
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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Depth: 500 - 2230m.
From 500 to 2230 meters.
Habitat: bathypelagic.
From 500 to 2230 meters.
Habitat: bathypelagic.
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FishWise Professional
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Environment
bathypelagic; marine; depth range 500 - 2230 m
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FishBase
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Trophic Strategy
Most abundant in waters deeper than 750 m. Feeds mainly on benthic organisms.
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Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba 1990 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10).x+442p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 1371)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1371&speccode=25
© WorldFish Center - FishBase
Source:
FishBase
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Conservation
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List Assessment
Red List Category
LC
Least Concern
Red List Criteria
Version
3.1
Year Assessed
2011
Assessor/s
Di Natale, A., Molinari, A., Oral, M. and Őztűrk, B.
Reviewer/s
Livingstone, S., Pollard, D. and Carpenter, K.
Contributor/s
Justification
This deep water species is endemic to the Mediterranean Sea. It is relatively widespread and some of its depth range occurs below 1,000 m. It is of minor commercial importance and is not thought to be under threat at present. It is therefore assessed as Least Concern.
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Trends
Population
Population
Population Trend
Cartes and Carrasson (2004) mentioned that 323 specimens were collected in a series of bottom trawl cruises performed in June, July and October 1987-1989, between 984 and 2,251 m in the Catalano-Balearic basin (Catalan Sea, western Mediterranean Sea).
According to Carrasson et al. (1997), 617 specimens were collected from the continental slope of the Catalan Sea during a cruises using a semi balloon otter trawl, headline length 13.7 m on a single warp, within depths varied from 970 and 2,256 m.
According to Carrasson et al. (1997), 617 specimens were collected from the continental slope of the Catalan Sea during a cruises using a semi balloon otter trawl, headline length 13.7 m on a single warp, within depths varied from 970 and 2,256 m.
Population Trend
Unknown
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Threats
Threats
Major Threats
This is a species with minor commercial importance, that can be caught mainly by means of trawls. It rarely occurs in markets.
© International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
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IUCN
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Not Evaluated
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IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073
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FishBase
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Management
Conservation Actions
Conservation Actions
Currently there is a GFCM recommendation (GFCM/2005/1) forbidding trawl and dredge fishing below 1,000 m. However, this species may be present in Marine Protected Areas found within its distribution.
© International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
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IUCN
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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems
Benefits
Importance
fisheries: minor commercial
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Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter 1994 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=171&speccode=2534
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